Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: A quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone

Reddy, Micaela B.

doi:10.1002/esp.3290130406

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More information can be obtained from the reaction paths/phase diagrams, by plotting the pairs of rainfall/run-off data on a diagram with axes of [Alk], which is the alkalinity, and [SO 4 2-]. This is because the carbonate dissolution model can be written as a linear combination of these two variables: Reddy (1988) in linear regression analyses. Because the precision of the chemical analysis of calcium in solution can be in the range of calcium in the run-off (due to acid rain), some acid rain indicators in the data may be lost in the noise.…”

Section: The Livingston Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Material loss from carbonate stones that are exposed over a long period may be mainly a result of chemical attack, but also because of physical factors such as flaking, abrasion and cracking; whereas fresh limestones mostly loose material by chemical dissolution, particularly on rain-washed stones (Webb and others 1992). A direct estimate of the total mass released from a limestone during the process of rainwater running over its surface can be provided by the combination of microcatchment units (MCUs) and sensitive analytical methods (Livingston 1986;Reddy 1988). To quantify the effects of factors that control stone decay, several damage functions have been proposed for limestones based on insights into the dissolution process and/ or linear regression fits to large, experimentally obtained data sets (Lipfert 1989;Baedecker and others 1992;Butlin and others 1992;Kucera and Fitz 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The processes dominating Ca dissolution of limestone when exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions as determined by comparing dissolution models

Cardell

Vleugels

Torfs

et al. 2002

Environmental Geology

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In order to gain a clearer understanding of the decay mechanisms operating in limestones, and to determine the main damage factors at different exposure environments, calcite-dissolution models from the literature were compared. The models recognise three major stone decay mechanisms: attack by air pollutants (dry deposition), dissolution in clean rain (karst effect) and dissolution caused by neutralisation of rain acidity (acidity effect). These models were fitted to experimental data obtained from the run-off water analysis running over the socalled Massangis limestone, exposed under ambient conditions in five sites in Belgium. The models demonstrate that different processes dominate the limestone dissolution at the different sites, with dry deposition of air pollutants (especially SO 2 ) being the principal process involved.

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Section: The Livingston Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The processes dominating Ca dissolution of limestone when exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions as determined by comparing dissolution models

Cardell

Vleugels

Torfs

et al. 2002

Environmental Geology

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“…Some experimental work corroborates this assumption. For example, Reddy (1988) compared the composition of incident rainfall to the composition of runoff from exposed marble and limestone surfaces. He found that surface recession (as calculated from increased Ca 2+ in the runoff) was strongly correlated with the amount of rainfall and its pH, and not strongly correlated with several other factors, including lithology.…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-recession weathering of marble tombstones: New field data and constraints

Roberts¹

2005

Stone Decay in the Architectural Environment

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Vertical marble-slab tombstones offer unique advantages over natural stone exposures for measuring historical carbonate weathering rates. One of the most commonly measured properties is surface recession rate, defi ned in this study as the difference in thickness between the relatively unweathered base and the weathered top of the tombstone.Use of the "base-minus-top" method makes several assumptions, which are revisited in the light of this research:1. Tombstone thickness from top to base is originally very uniform. Data show that up to 1 mm (but less than 2 mm) original difference in thickness may be common.2. The tombstone base remains suffi ciently unweathered to provide an accurate estimate of the original thickness. Different locations have different maximum ages for which this assumption is valid.3. Weathering is even across the top of the tombstone. Although thickness across the top of an individual weathered tombstone varies, three consistently placed measurements seem to provide a reproducible average thickness.4. Surface recession at the tombstone top is measurable and acceptably precise. The total thickness loss must be signifi cantly greater than the original thickness difference and the experimental error.5. Weathering is dominated by loss of thickness of the marble slab. This assumption is generally correct over long periods of time. However, the data reported here indicate early-stage expansion of some exposed surfaces.6. Surface recession is linear over time. This study documents nonlinear surface recession of tombstone surfaces.

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“…Pour expliquer ce phénomène, on ne peut qu'émettre des hypothèses. Reddy (1988) a en effet montré que l'agressivité de l'eau change rapidement suivant la lithologie sur laquelle elle ruisselle. Or, on sait que les nodules contiennent du mica, du feldspath, des pegmatites, du gneiss, des gabbros, etc.…”

Section: Nodules En Reliefunclassified

Variabilité de l’érosion actuelle et holocène : le cas des marbres de Grenville en Outaouais québécois

Prévost¹,

Lauriol²

2007

gpq

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RÉSUMÉCet article souligne la difficulté de comparer les taux d'érosion mesurés dans les marbres de Grenville selon différentes méthodes. La variabilité des taux d'érosion a été mise en évidence par l'étude des nodules en relief, des plaquettes de calcaire et par l'hydrochimie. La mesure moyenne du déchaussement postglaciaire des nodules emprisonnés dans les marbres se situe à 5 mm/1000 ans pour une période qui couvre l'Holocène (58 nodules, 1429 mesures). L'étude hydrochimique a fourni une vitesse moyenne d'érosion de 21,4 mm/1000 ans. Le taux médian de 17,2 mm/1000 ans se rapproche plus de la vitesse réelle d'érosion chimique actuelle, car les mesures ont surtout été prises en été et au printemps. Parmi les nombreux facteurs qui expliquent l'écart entre les taux d'érosion fournis par les deux méthodes, la différence de milieu étudié est primordiale. Elle est mise en évidence par la méthode ubiquiste de l'étude des plaquettes qui a fourni des taux moyens d'érosion presque huit fois plus importants dans les ruisseaux que dans les sols. Dans ces derniers, le résultat obtenu après une expérience de 18 mois a été de 12,4 mm/1000 ans alors qu'il a été de 94,3 mm/1000 ans pour les plaquettes immergées dans diverses eaux courantes. Dans les eaux calmes, le résultat a été de 41,7 mm/1000 ans.

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Acid rain damage to carbonate stone: A quantitative assessment based on the aqueous geochemistry of rainfall runoff from stone

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

The processes dominating Ca dissolution of limestone when exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions as determined by comparing dissolution models

The processes dominating Ca dissolution of limestone when exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions as determined by comparing dissolution models

Surface-recession weathering of marble tombstones: New field data and constraints

Variabilité de l’érosion actuelle et holocène : le cas des marbres de Grenville en Outaouais québécois

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