Acidic modification of natural stone for Remazol Black B dye adsorption from aqueous solution- central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM)
“…This could be because the amine groups on the MAC Surface provided additional active adsorption sites or enhanced the chemical interactions between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. So, while the surface of the MAC Surface may have been smoother, the presence of the amine groups made it a more effective adsorbent overall 26 , 35 . Figure 2 SEM ( a ) Raw activated carbon.…”
Abstract4-Chlorophenol pollution is a significant environmental concern. In this study, powdered activated carbon modified with amine groups is synthesized and investigated its efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to investigate the effect of different parameters, including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial 4-chlorophenol concentration, on 4-chlorophenol removal efficiency. The RSM-CCD approach was implemented in R software to design and analyze the experiments. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to describe the roles of effecting parameters on response. Isotherm and kinetic studies were done with three Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models and four pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle kinetic models in both linear and non-linear forms. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results showed that the synthesized modified activated carbon had a maximum adsorption capacity of 316.1 mg/g and exhibited high efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols. The optimal conditions for the highest removal efficiency were an adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g/L, contact time of 35 min, initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol of 110 mg/L, and pH of 3. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The synthesized adsorbent also showed excellent reusability even after five successive cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of modified activated carbon as an effective method for removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments and contributing to developing sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies.
“…This could be because the amine groups on the MAC Surface provided additional active adsorption sites or enhanced the chemical interactions between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. So, while the surface of the MAC Surface may have been smoother, the presence of the amine groups made it a more effective adsorbent overall 26 , 35 . Figure 2 SEM ( a ) Raw activated carbon.…”
Abstract4-Chlorophenol pollution is a significant environmental concern. In this study, powdered activated carbon modified with amine groups is synthesized and investigated its efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to investigate the effect of different parameters, including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial 4-chlorophenol concentration, on 4-chlorophenol removal efficiency. The RSM-CCD approach was implemented in R software to design and analyze the experiments. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to describe the roles of effecting parameters on response. Isotherm and kinetic studies were done with three Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models and four pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle kinetic models in both linear and non-linear forms. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results showed that the synthesized modified activated carbon had a maximum adsorption capacity of 316.1 mg/g and exhibited high efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols. The optimal conditions for the highest removal efficiency were an adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g/L, contact time of 35 min, initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol of 110 mg/L, and pH of 3. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The synthesized adsorbent also showed excellent reusability even after five successive cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of modified activated carbon as an effective method for removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments and contributing to developing sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies.
“…Acid modification has been considered one of the effective ways to improve the performance of activated carbon (Soleimani et al 2023). Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of acid modification on Cr (VI) removal.…”
Section: Effect Of Cac On the Removal Of Cr (Vi) Before And After Aci...mentioning
The problem of soil and water contamination caused by Cr discharged from dyeing, electroplating and metallurgical industries has become increasingly serious, which is a potentially great threat to the environment and public health. Therefore, it is essential to develop a quick, efficient and low-cost adsorbent for the remediation of Cr-contaminated wastewater. In this work, we successfully prepared MgAl-LDH/ commercial activated carbon nanocomposites (LDH-CAC) with hydrothermal. The effects of activated carbon type and loading on LDH-CAC were investigated. Moveover, we also have examined the adsorption capacity and adsorption behavior of LDH-CAC on Cr(VI), and proposed a potential removal mechanism. Lastly, the reusability of LDH-CAC was researched. The results showed that the prepared LDH-CAC@1 had the best removal performance at the commercial activated carbon type of CAC-103 and activated carbon loading of 1.0 g. The adsorption behavior study, on the other hand, indicated that LDH-CAC @1 could reach adsorption equilibrium within 10 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 116.7 mg/g, which was significantly better than MgAl-LDH (10.7 mg/g) and CAC (21.3 mg/g). The primary removal mechanisms included adsorption-coupled reduction, ion exchange, surface precipitation, and electrostatic attraction. Reusability experiment revealed that the removal efficiency of LDH-CAC@1 decreased by 25.1% after four cycles, which illustrated the promising reusability of LDH-CAC@1.This study provides an effective adsorbent with a remarkably fast reaction, which has positive environmental significance for the treatment of Cr (VI) wastewater.
“…The optimization of the experimental factors for CR dye removal with the CuFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite adsorbent has not been previously conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) investigations. The RSM model has been extensively applied in various scientific research domains [ 29 ]. In the realm of adsorbent materials, the RSM model is employed to assess the optimal adsorption capacity, allowing for the optimization of the experimental conditions for nanocomposite materials.…”
In the present investigation of copper ferrite, a CuFe2O4 nanocomposite adsorbent was synthesized using the sol–gel method, and its relevance in the adsorptive elimination of the toxic Congo red (CR) aqueous phase was examined. A variety of structural methods were used to analyze the CuFe2O4 nanocomposite; the as-synthesized nanocomposite had agglomerated clusters with a porous, irregular, rough surface that could be seen using FE-SEM, and it also contained carbon (23.47%), oxygen (44.31%), copper (10.21%), and iron (22.01%) in its elemental composition by weight. Experiments were designed to achieve the most optimized system through the utilization of a central composite design (CCD). The highest uptake of CR dye at equilibrium occurred when the initial pH value was 5.5, the adsorbate concentration was 125 mg/L, and the adsorbent dosage was 3.5 g/L. Kinetic studies were conducted, and they showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model (regression coefficient, R2 = 0.9998), suggesting a chemisorption mechanism, and the overall reaction rate was governed by both the film and pore diffusion of adsorbate molecules. The process through which dye molecules were taken up onto the particle surface revealed interactions involving electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. According to isotherm studies, the equilibrium data exhibited strong agreement with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9989), demonstrating a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of 64.72 mg/g at pH 6 and 302 K. Considering the obtained negative ΔG and positive ΔHads and ΔSads values across all tested temperatures in the thermodynamic investigations, it was confirmed that the adsorption process was characterized as endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible, with an increased level of randomness. The CuFe2O4 adsorbent developed in this study is anticipated to find extensive application in effluent treatment, owing to its excellent reusability and remarkable capability to effectively remove CR in comparison to other adsorbents.
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