Acinetobacter Baumannii Phages: Past, Present and Future

Tu, Qihang; Pu, Mingfang; Li, Yahao; Wang, Yuer; Li, Maochen; Song, Lihua; Li, Mengzhe; An, Xiaoping; Fan, Huahao; Tong, Yigang

doi:10.3390/v15030673

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…A. baumannii is currently considered a pathogenic bacterium of clinical relevance, mainly due to the emergence of strains resistant to multiple drugs and associated with infections related to health care [Tu et al, 2023;Wu et al, 2023]. In this scenario, the study of genes that encode virulence factors and confer resistance to antimicrobials is of paramount importance for a better understanding of the pathogenicity of this bacterium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and validation of reference genes suitable for gene expression analysis by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Acinetobacter baumannii

Ferraz

Oliveira

BABOGHLIAN

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium considered an emerging multi-drug-resistant pathogen. Furthermore, this bacterium can survive in extreme environmental conditions, which makes it a frequent cause of nosocomial infection outbreaks. Gene expression analyses by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) depend on a reference gene, also called an endogenous gene, which is used to normalize the generated data and thus ensure an accurate analysis with minimal errors. Currently, gene expression analyses in A. baumannii are compromised, as there are no reports in the literature describing the identification of validated reference genes for use in RT-qPCR analyses. For this reason, we selected twelve candidate reference genes of A. baumannii and assessed their expression profile under different experimental and culture conditions. The expression stability of the candidate genes was evaluated by using statistical algorithms such as BestKeeper, GeNorm, NormFinder, Delta CT, and RefFinder, in order to identify the most suitable candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR analyses. The statistical analyses indicated rpoB, rpoD, and fabD genes as the most adequate to ensure accurate normalization of RT-qPCR data in A. baumannii. The accuracy of the proposed reference genes was validated by using them to normalize the expression of the ompA gene, encoding the outer membrane protein A, in A. baumannii sensible and resistant to the antibiotic polymyxin. The present work provides suitable reference genes for precise RT-qPCR data normalization on future gene expression studies with A. baumannii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and validation of reference genes suitable for gene expression analysis by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Acinetobacter baumannii

Ferraz

Oliveira

BABOGHLIAN

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Phage therapy is currently one of the best hopes for the future control of Gram-negative severe infections that are difficult to eradicate with antibiotics [189 ▪ –192 ▪ ]. This form of treatment first requires the availability of phages with lytic capacity for a specific bacterium, in this case, AB, of which more than 100 have been isolated to date [193,194 ▪ –201 ▪ ].…”

Section: What Are the Alternative Treatments For Acinetobacter Bauman...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to treat severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections

Bouza,

Muñoz,

Burillo

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review To update the management of severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections (ABI), particularly those caused by multi-resistant isolates. Recent findings The in vitro activity of the various antimicrobial agents potentially helpful in treating ABI is highly variable and has progressively decreased for many of them, limiting current therapeutic options. The combination of more than one drug is still advisable in most circumstances. Ideally, two active first-line drugs should be used. Alternatively, a first-line and a second-line drug and, if this is not possible, two or more second-line drugs in combination. The emergence of new agents such as Cefiderocol, the combination of Sulbactam and Durlobactam, and the new Tetracyclines offer therapeutic options that need to be supported by clinical evidence. Summary The apparent limitations in treating infections caused by this bacterium, the rapid development of resistance, and the serious underlying situation in most cases invite the search for alternatives to antibiotic treatment, the most promising of which seems to be bacteriophage therapy.

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“…New or alternative management methods are needed. Phages are abundant in the environment, and they can specifically attack pathogenic bacteria (Tu et al, 2023 ). Phages may be found that can attack Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) strains of A. baumannii which may be a potential solution for this pathogen (Tu et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, characterization and therapeutic evaluation of a new Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 lysing Acinetobacter baumannii

Tian,

Liu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that easily resists currently available antibiotics. Phages are considered alternative therapeutic agents to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We isolated an Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 from underground sewage in a residential area of Guiyang City in China. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 has an icosahedral head attached to a tail. This phage infects A. baumannii strain GY-4, and was found to have a short latent period of 5 min and with a burst size of 189 particles per infected host cell. Additionally, Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 remained stable at different concentrations of chloroform and varying pH levels and temperatures. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, it contained 14 proteins with molecular weights ranging from 12 to 125 kDa. The double-strand (ds) DNA genome of Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 consisted of 41,242 bp with a GC content of 39.4%. It contained 50 open reading frames (ORFs), of which 29 ORFs had identified functions, but no virulence-related genes, antibiotic-resistance genes, or tRNAs were found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 was a new phage in the Friunavirus genus. Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 also showed the ability to prevent A. baumannii infections in the Galleria mellonella in vivo model.

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Acinetobacter Baumannii Phages: Past, Present and Future

Cited by 20 publications

References 237 publications

Selection and validation of reference genes suitable for gene expression analysis by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Acinetobacter baumannii

Selection and validation of reference genes suitable for gene expression analysis by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Acinetobacter baumannii

How to treat severe Acinetobacter baumannii infections

Isolation, characterization and therapeutic evaluation of a new Acinetobacter virus Abgy202141 lysing Acinetobacter baumannii

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