Acinetobacter pittii, an emerging new multi-drug resistant fish pathogen isolated from diseased blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) in China

Abstract

Despite the reason that genus Acinetobacter works as a grave human pathogen, very few numbers of researches have been done so that term it as a pathogen in respect to fish. As per the current study, isolation of three pathogenic bacterial strains was carried out from infected blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih), from a farm in Yixing city, Jiangsu province, China, which displayed symptoms like tail-rot, shedding scales and ascites in addition to gentle ulceration on the entire body regardless of size and sex of fish. Taking into account the bases of morphology, varied biochemical tests, 16S rDNA segment and rpoB gene sequence analysis, in addition to phylogenetic study, the pathogenic bacteria was identified as A. pittii. Recursive infectivity experiment validated their pathogenicity. Pathological modifications of blunt snout bream infected with A. pittii were taken into observation. Confirmation of the pathogenicity was additionally made by infectivity studies of zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) and nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans). The drug resistance of these isolates was also scrutinized. All isolates, recognized as multiple drug resistant strains, showcased resistance to clindamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, cephalosporins, ampicillin, piperacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while showcasing sensitivity to norfloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and imipenem. Multi-locus sequence typing of these A. pittii isolates brought to light a new clonal lineage of Acinetobacter leading to fish septicemia outbreaks together with indicating that Acinetobacter stains with the new sequence type 839 may be the dominant clone. This is the first report dealing with the infection caused by A. pittii in fish that suggests that A. pittii has a prospective threat to be encountered by freshwater fish farming in addition to causing human clinical infections.

Skin and stinger bacterial communities in two critically endangered rays from the South Atlantic in natural and aquarium settings

“…This may indicate the importance of these complex bacterial communities associated with ray stingers. For instance, taxa such as the genus Acinetobacter and the family Piscirickettsiaceae, which can cause diseases in humans and other animals, including fish (Fryer & Hedrick, 2003;Li et al, 2017;Peleg et al, 2008;Wong et al, 2017), were detected on stingers of rays from the bay. To our knowledge, the bacterial community of fish stingers has not previously been investigated, unlike the venom in the stinger gland, which has been thoroughly studied regarding its characteristics, consequences after venom inoculation, and different treatments (Barbaro et al, 2007; Haddad et al, 2004Haddad et al, , 2013Kimura et al, 2014;Pedroso et al, 2007).…”

Structural characteristics and succession of intestinal microbiota for Paralichthys olivaceus during the early life stage

“…johnsonii , A . calcoaceticus , A. pittii, A. Schindleri , and etc., have been isolated from cultured fish all over the world, and even become the multidrug‐resistant fish pathogens (Kozińska, Paździor, Pękala, & Wiktor Niemczuk, ; Li, Cao, et al, ; Reddy & Mastan, ). Abundances of these pathogens were all higher in larval and juvenile guts, feed, and water.…”

Early life stress causes persistent impacts on the microbiome of Atlantic salmon

“…Psychrophilic A. salmonidicia , usually the predominant species found in cold-water fish, is the cause of fish furunculosis which is most associated with salmonids, while mesophilic species including A. hydrophila and A. veronii also cause an assortment of stress-induced diseases in warmer-water fish (Austin & Austin 2007; Beaz-Hidalgo & Figueras 2013). Additionally, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Acinetobacter iwoffi and Acinetobacter pittii have been reported as emergent, antibiotic-resistant, opportunistic fish pathogens, with pathologies including scale loss, skin/fin erosion, haemorrhaging, intestinal inflammation and ∼20% mortality rate (Kozinska et al 2014; Li et al 2017; Roald & Hastein 1980).…”