Aclimatación de plántulas in vitro de Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl. (Gesneriaceae) “violeta africana’’ a condiciones de invernadero

Abstract

BGil et al.: Aclimatación de plántulas in vitro de Saintpaulia ionantha (Gesneriaceae) "violeta africana'' a condiciones de invernadero 344 24 (1): Enero -Junio, 2017 ResumenLas "violetas africanas" Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl. (Gesneriaceae) son plantas ornamentales muy valoradas en el mundo por su belleza y capacidad de dar flores durante todo el año. Esto ha conllevado a que su demanda sea mayor, pues es idónea para decorar espacios interiores del hogar. Por ello, su cultivo con fines comerciales ha aumentado, siendo la propagación in vitro y su posterior aclimatación una buena alternativa de emprendimiento en floricultura. Sin embargo, ante escasa información referida a la aclimatación ex vitro de S. ionantha, se propuso como objetivo estandarizar un protocolo de aclimatación. Para ello, se seleccionaron plántulas in vitro del Laboratorio de Biotecnología del Instituto de la Papa y Cultivos Andinos, las cuales fueron transportadas al invernadero para su siembra, empleándose diferentes sustratos, constituidos por: T1 = arena + musgo + humus; T2 = arena + musgo; T3= arena + humus y T4 = arena. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo el tratamiento T1 el que evidenció un buen porcentaje de plantas aclimatadas, el mayor porcentaje de plantas enraizadas, el mayor número promedio de hojas, el mayor número promedio de raíces normales, y la mayor longitud y ancho promedio de hoja. Se concluye que el sustrato constituido por arena + musgo + humus es el más óptimo para la aclimatación ex vitro de S. ionantha.Palabras clave: aclimatación, plántulas, in vitro, Saintpaulia, "violeta africana". Abstract"African violets" Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl. (Gesneriaceae) are ornamental plants very valued in the world for their beauty and ability to give flowers throughout the year. This has brought an increase in their demand, as they are suitable for decorating interior spaces at home. That is the reason because their cultivation for commercial purposes has increased, and the propagation in vitro and its subsequent acclimation is a good alternative of entrepreneurship in floriculture. However, the scarce information of ex vitro acclimation of S. ionantha leads us to propose a standard acclimation protocol. For this purpose, we selected in vitro seedlings from the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Potato and Andean Crops Institute. They were transported to greenhouse for planting using different substrates consisting of: T1 = sand + moss + humus; T2 = sand + moss; T3 = sand + humus and T4 = sand. Statistically significant differences were found, with treatment T1 showing a good percentage of acclimated plants, the biggest percentage of rooted plants, the biggest average number of leaves, the biggest average number of normal roots and the biggest average leaf length and width. It was concluded that the substrate constituted by sand + moss + humus is the most optimal for ex vitro acclimation of S. ionantha.

Coverage effect on hardening of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) micropropagated plants

“…The water-saturated atmosphere when plants are inside the culture recipient is significantly reduced when they are transferred to ex vitro in the acclimatization stage; therefore, mechanisms such as plant coverage with plastic film covers to reduce plant dehydration are usually implemented. Translucent plastic film is the most used cover material because of the cost, handling and recyclable use; however, heating inside the tray is a limiting factor that can result in heat stress for covered plants (Ilczuk and Jacygrad, 2016;Makowczyńska et al, 2016;Gil et al, 2017;Dreger et al, 2019). Plastic covers must be gradually moved to increase dehydration tolerance and to reduce temperature, a stage that can take long time for some species, which increases labor and costs (Indacochea-Ganchozo et al, 2017;Suárez, 2020).…”

“…Translucent plastic film is the most used cover material because of the cost, handling and recyclable use; however, heating inside the tray is a limiting factor that can result in heat stress for covered plants (Ilczuk and Jacygrad, 2016;Makowczyńska et al, 2016;Gil et al, 2017;Dreger et al, 2019). Plastic covers must be gradually moved to increase dehydration tolerance and to reduce temperature, a stage that can take long time for some species, which increases labor and costs (Indacochea-Ganchozo et al, 2017;Suárez, 2020). In the present research, plants transferred to ex vitro conditions under plastic coverage showed lower plant height, less number of shoots and roots compared to those transferred and acclimatized without coverage.…”

“…For arrow cane micropropagation, conventional ex vitro adaptation procedures comprises coverage during five days of recently transferred plants with transient removal of the covers every 2 h during daytime to avoid heating the plants, followed by spraying with distilled water; which increases the operational labor costs. In the present research, the survival and growth performance during ex vitro adaptation of arrow cane micropropagated plants with no coverage were compared to the conventional ex vitro adaptation protocol to evaluate the possibilities of avoiding plastic coverage and increasing cost efficiency (Bhojwani and Dantu, 2013;Gil et al, 2017;Makowczyńska et al, 2016).…”

In vitro propagation ofVaccinium floribundumKunth from seeds: promissory technology for mortiño accelerated production

“…This suggests that exogenous auxin concentrations favor root induction. Environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, and light brightness) and substrate (Gil et al 2017) are important factors for the establishment of plantlets in ex vitro conditions (greenhouses). In previous studies with V. floribundum (Noboa 2019), it has been stated that the best cutting establishment (86.6%), shoot number per cutting (2.67) and shoot length (1.2 cm) were obtained on black paramo soil.…”