Acne vulgaris: role of the immune system

Salinas, Andrea Bernales

doi:10.1111/ijd.15415

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Acne is characterized by increased sebum production, leading to non-inflammatory (NI) comedones and inflammatory lesions (LA) such as papules, pustules, or nodules, mainly on the face and on the back and chest 9 . The etiology is associated with changes in sebum production under androgen control, an altered keratinization process, and an increased release of inflammatory mediators 10 – 13 . Dysbiosis and follicular colonization by Cutibacterium acnes have been linked to the pathophysiology of inflammatory acne 14 , 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Cavallo

Sivori

Truglio

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder affecting more than 80% of young adolescents. Cutibacterium acnes plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne lesions, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. The study aimed to explore the microbiome at different skin sites in adolescent acne and the role of biofilm production in promoting the growth and persistence of C. acnes isolates. Microbiota analysis showed a significantly lower alpha diversity in inflammatory lesions (LA) than in non-inflammatory (NI) lesions of acne patients and healthy subjects (HS). Differences at the species level were driven by the overabundance of C. acnes on LA than NI and HS. The phylotype IA1 was more represented in the skin of acne patients than in HS. Genes involved in lipids transport and metabolism, as well as potential virulence factors associated with host-tissue colonization, were detected in all IA1 strains independently from the site of isolation. Additionally, the IA1 isolates were more efficient in early adhesion and biomass production than other phylotypes showing a significant increase in antibiotic tolerance. Overall, our data indicate that the site-specific dysbiosis in LA and colonization by virulent and highly tolerant C. acnes phylotypes may contribute to acne development in a part of the population, despite the universal carriage of the microorganism. Moreover, new antimicrobial agents, specifically targeting biofilm-forming C. acnes, may represent potential treatments to modulate the skin microbiota in acne.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Cavallo

Sivori

Truglio

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The four main phases of this pathophysiology include hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous unit, increased sebum production, anaerobic bacteria, and inflammatory reaction. 1 Sebocytes are the primary site for production and metabolism of sex hormones by 5α reductase and aromatase enzymes converting cholesterol to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol, respectively. 2 Acne is a result of stimulation of sebum production and enhancement of ductal keratinocyte differentiation and plugging by androgens and their precursor substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Flutamide 1% Gel as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Patients With Acne Vulgaris

et al. 2023

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Background Acne vulgaris is a worldwide dermatological condition that has a complex pathophysiology in which androgens play an important role. Flutamide is a first-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen that can be used for acne treatment. Aim To evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy and safety of topical flutamide in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods A andomized controlled study included two equal groups, each had 27 patients, with a total of 54 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris having inflammatory (papules and pustules) and non-inflammatory (comedones) lesions. For eight weeks, Group (A) received 1% Flutamide topical gel on the face twice daily, whereas Group (B) served as the control group. Result After 8 weeks of topical Flutamide 1% gel application twice daily, there was a significant reduction in papules count, and a highly significant reduction in pustules number from baseline. Limitations We recommend that topical Flutamide 1% gel be tried on a larger number of patients with acne vulgaris, for longer therapeutic duration and follow up periods after treatment. Conclusion Patients with acne vulgaris may find topical Flutamide 1% gel to be a viable, efficient, and safe solution with few adverse effects.

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“…They can be microscopic (micro-blackheads) and serve as precursors of open or closed blackheads visible on the skin. The causes of acne revolve around the interplay of several factors, including increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratosis, inflammation, and the action of anaerobic Cutibacterium acnes in the hair follicles [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Hydrogen Purification and Cosmetic Acids in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Preliminary Report

Chilicka

Rusztowicz

Rogowska

et al. 2022

JCM

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Acne and skin lesions that appear in its course deteriorate the quality of life of patients, cause depression and the emergence of suicidal thoughts. Cosmetic treatments can have a positive effect on improving skin condition by cleaning up skin eruptions, thus improving the well-being of affected people. Hydrogen purification is a treatment that uses alkaline water generated by a device, which reduces sebum from the surface of the epidermis. This is a novel treatment that has recently been introduced to beauty salons. On the other hand, cosmetic acids have been used for many years for treating people with acne vulgaris and give spectacular results in terms of improving the skin condition. In this study, skin condition was evaluated with a Derma Unit SSC 3 device. The Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) was used to check acne severity. Twenty-four women aged 19–21 years (M = 20.13, SD = 0.80) diagnosed with mild acne vulgaris and a high sebum level participated in the study. Group A underwent a hydrogen purification treatment using an H2jet manipulator, which ejected alkaline water from the manipulator under pressure. Group B underwent a hydrogen purification treatment with the use of a phytic, pyruvic, lactic and ferulic acids at 40% mixture (pH 1.4). A series of four treatments was performed at 14-day intervals in both groups. Skin parameters were measured before and 30 days after the series of treatment. Very good results were obtained in both groups. The skin eruptions in patients were reduced and we also observed lower amounts of sebum on the surface of the epidermis, and an improvement in skin hydration. However, in group B, the results were better than in group A. The study showed that the synergy of the treatments produced much better effects than those obtained by completing the hydrogen purification treatment alone.

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Acne vulgaris: role of the immune system

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Flutamide 1% Gel as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Patients With Acne Vulgaris

Efficacy of Hydrogen Purification and Cosmetic Acids in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Preliminary Report

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