2018
DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.035
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Acrocyanosis – A Symptom with Many Facettes

Abstract: Acrocyanosis is an uncommon complaint belonging to the acro-syndromes. It typically presents with coolness and bluish discolourations of hands, feet, ears, nose, lips and nipple. The most frequently affected parts of the body are the hands. This review discusses physical factors, vascular disorders, infectious diseases, haematological disorders, solid tumours genetic disorders, drugs, eating disorders, and spinal disease presenting as or leading to acrocyanosis.

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Cited by 16 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Acrocyanosis is permanent and painless. It presents with chronic coolness and violaceous discoloration of extremities [39]. Erythromelalgia evolves in paroxystic crisis and is characterized by the triad of burning pain, recurrent redness and warmth of the extremities [40,41].…”
Section: Minor Criteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acrocyanosis is permanent and painless. It presents with chronic coolness and violaceous discoloration of extremities [39]. Erythromelalgia evolves in paroxystic crisis and is characterized by the triad of burning pain, recurrent redness and warmth of the extremities [40,41].…”
Section: Minor Criteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acrocyanosis and skin cool to touch had high specificity values. Acrocyanosis and cyanotic nail beds are events of peripheral cyanosis, defined as a blue-purple coloration of the body's extremities (29) . While acrocyanosis occurs in the hands, feet, and ears, cyanosis occurs in the toenails and nail beds of the hands, which may indicate hypoxia (9) .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cyanosis occurs due to an increase in reduced hemoglobin in capillary blood beyond 5 g% (the normal is around 2.6 g%), not being noticeable until blood oxygen saturation is below 85% (29) . Peripheral cyanosis signals a decrease in blood flow to the extremities (fingers and toes and earlobes), as in vasoconstriction, due to exposure to cold, not necessarily indicating a systemic response (30) .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Depending on the degree of ischemia, patients' complaints vary from numbness, "pins and needles" sensation, and pain, to actual ulceration and gangrene, typically with secondary Raynaud's. [1][2][3] The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors present in the medial layer of the digital arterioles are the end target of the sympathetic nervous system control of digital blood flow. These receptors play a pivotal role in the development of the 1 afro mentioned pathologies, being upregulated-either absolutely or relatively-causing vasoconstriction and diminished blood supply.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%