Acrylamide polymerization in concentrated aqueous solutions and in two-phase systems

Громов, В. Ф.; Sheinker, A.P.; Khomikovskii, P.M.; Abkin, A.D.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(74)90570-x

Cited by 10 publications

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“…The lowest water content still forming a homogeneous phase with the monomer and the zinc salt was 11 wt % at ca. 45 °C compared to a saturated solution of pure AAm with about 40 wt % water at 20 °C . The optimal water content was found at 20 wt % for the preparation of water-soluble polymers with high yield.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…45 °C compared to a saturated solution of pure AAm with about 40 wt % water at 20 °C. 30 The optimal water content was found at 20 wt % for the preparation of water-soluble polymers with high yield. The effect of solvent content in the dispersed phase on the particle size and size distribution of zinc-containing polymer latexes is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Narrowly Size Distributed Zinc-Containing Poly(acrylamide) Latexes via Inverse Miniemulsion Polymerization

et al. 2010

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Polyacrylamide nanoparticles containing zinc nitrate were prepared via inverse miniemulsion polymerization using ultrasound emulsification. The effects of sonication time, mode of sonication, nature and type of emulsifier, amount of zinc salt, solvent in the dispersed phase, nature of dispersed and continuous phases, and type of initiator on the nucleation mechanism, conversion, molecular mass of polymer, and size distribution of the latex particles were investigated. The results showed that an increase in sonication time up to 4 min and using an amphiphilic polymeric surfactant with a relatively short hydrophilic part improved both the monodispersity and the stability of the zinc-containing latexes. An increase in viscosity of the continuous phase (changed by means of different nonpolar solvents) and decrease in viscosity of the dispersed phase (varied by the amount of water) had also a positive effect on the monodispersity. At the same time, the average diameter of the particles in the range of 225 nm changed only marginally. The use of either highly hydrophilic (ammonium persulfate) or highly hydrophobic (2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile)) initiators, and the transfer from miniemulsion polymerization to dispersion, precipitation, or a combination of several polymerization types by the modification of the dispersed and continuous medium spread the polydispersity of the latex particles and impaired the stability. Samples with small content of salt were used for unconventional nanolithography by subjecting a highly ordered layer of the nanoparticles to a plasma etching process. Highly ordered arrays of particles containing ZnO nanocrystals were observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%