ACT-5 Is an Essential <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Actin Required for Intestinal Microvilli Formation

MacQueen, Amy J.; Baggett, Jennifer J.; Perumov, N.; Bauer, Reinhard; Januszewski, Tom; Schriefer, Lawrence A.; Waddle, James A.

doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-12-1061

Cited by 98 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…During development of the intestine, the actin protein ACT-5 has been reported to play a key role in the microvilli, and act-5 knockout resulted in lethality shortly after hatching [42]. However, no homologous gene was found in any of the plant-parasitic nematodes, suggesting a different microvilli structure (electronic supplementary material, table S6).…”

Section: (B) Genomic Insights Into the Plant Parasitism Mechanisms Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheDitylenchus destructorgenome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

et al. 2016

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Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 4 of the 12 clades of phylum Nematoda. These nematodes in different clades may have originated independently from their free-living fungivorous ancestors. However, the exact evolutionary process of these parasites is unclear. Here, we sequenced the genome sequence of a migratory plant nematode, Ditylenchus destructor. We performed comparative genomics among the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans and all the plant nematodes with genome sequences available. We found that, compared with C. elegans, the core developmental control processes underwent heavy reduction, though most signal transduction pathways were conserved. We also found D. destructor contained more homologies of the key genes in the above processes than the other plant nematodes. We suggest that Ditylenchus spp. may be an intermediate evolutionary history stage from free-living nematodes that feed on fungi to obligate plantparasitic nematodes. Based on the facts that D. destructor can feed on fungi and has a relatively short life cycle, and that it has similar features to both C. elegans and sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes from clade 12, we propose it as a new model to study the biology, biocontrol of plant nematodes and the interaction between nematodes and plants.

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Section: (B) Genomic Insights Into the Plant Parasitism Mechanisms Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheDitylenchus destructorgenome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

et al. 2016

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“…The following primary antibodies and dilutions were used: rabbit (Rb) ␣-ACT-5 1:50 (MacQueen et al, 2005), mouse (Ms) ␣-AJM-1 'MH27' 1:10 (Francis and Waterston, 1991;Koppen et al, 2001), Rb ␣-EBP-2 1:3000 (Srayko et al, 2005), Ms 'F2-P3E3Ј 1:5 (Eisenhut et al, 2005), chicken ␣-GFP 1:200 (Chemicon), Rb ␣-GFP 1:2000 (Abcam), Rb ␣-HMR-1 1:100 (Costa et al, 1998), Ms ␣-HMP-1 1:10 (Costa et al, 1998), Ms ␣-IFB-2 'MH33' 1:150 Francis and Waterston, 1991), Rb ␣-LET-413 1:5000 (Aono et al, 2004), Ms ␣-PAR-3 1:25 (Nance et al, 2003), Rb ␣-PAR-6 1:20 (Hung and Kemphues, 1999), rat (Rt) ␣-PKC-3 1:30 (Tabuse et al, 1998), Ms ␣-PSD-95 1:200 (Affinity Bioreagents; recognizes DLG-1) , Rt ␣-alphatubulin 1:2000 (Harlan). Primary antibodies were detected using dye-coupled secondary antibodies (Molecular Probes, Jackson Immunoresearch).…”

Section: Immunostainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAR-6 is required for junction formation but not apicobasal polarization inC. elegansembryonic epithelial cells

2007

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Epithelial cells perform important roles in the formation and function of organs and the genesis of many solid tumors. A distinguishing feature of epithelial cells is their apicobasal polarity and the presence of apical junctions that link cells together. The interacting proteins Par-6 (a PDZ and CRIB domain protein) and aPKC (an atypical protein kinase C) localize apically in fly and mammalian epithelial cells and are important for apicobasal polarity and junction formation. Caenorhabditis elegans PAR-6 and PKC-3/aPKC also localize apically in epithelial cells, but a role for these proteins in polarizing epithelial cells or forming junctions has not been described. Here, we use a targeted protein degradation strategy to remove both maternal and zygotic PAR-6 from C. elegans embryos before epithelial cells are born. We find that PKC-3 does not localize asymmetrically in epithelial cells lacking PAR-6, apical junctions are fragmented, and epithelial cells lose adhesion with one another. Surprisingly, junction proteins still localize apically, indicating that PAR-6 and asymmetric PKC-3 are not needed for epithelial cells to polarize. Thus, whereas the role of PAR-6 in junction formation appears to be widely conserved, PAR-6-independent mechanisms can be used to polarize epithelial cells.

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“…L1 larvae of N2 and ok753 animals were harvested, as described previously (MacQueen et al, 2005). To obtain the ok753 homozygous animals, we used wts-1(ok753)/dpy-5(e61) daf-16(m26) unc-75(e950) worms.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Bossinger et al, 2001;Costa et al, 1998;MacQueen et al, 2005). The CCC proteins are localized more apically than the DLG-1-AJM-1 complex proteins.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical membrane integrity in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans

Kang

Shin

et al. 2009

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The roles of Lats kinases in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis have been well established. Here we report new roles for Lats kinase in the integrity of the apical membrane structure. WTS-1, the C. elegans Lats homolog, localized primarily to the subapical region in the intestine. A loss-of-function mutation in wts-1 resulted in an early larval arrest and defects in the structure of the intestinal lumen. An electron microscopy study of terminally arrested wts-1 mutant animals revealed numerous microvillicontaining lumen-like structures within the intestinal cells. The wts-1 phenotype was not caused by cell proliferation or apoptosis defects. Instead, we found that the wts-1 mutant animals exhibited gradual mislocalization of apical actin and apical junction proteins, suggesting that wts-1 normally suppresses the formation of extra apical membrane structures. Heat-shock-driven pulsechase expression experiments showed that WTS-1 regulates the localization of newly synthesized apical actins. RNAi of the exocyst complex genes suppressed the mislocalization phenotype of wts-1 mutation. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that Lats kinase plays important roles in the integrity of the apical membrane structure of intestinal cells.

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ACT-5 Is an Essential Caenorhabditis elegans Actin Required for Intestinal Microvilli Formation

Cited by 98 publications

References 45 publications

TheDitylenchus destructorgenome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

TheDitylenchus destructorgenome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

PAR-6 is required for junction formation but not apicobasal polarization inC. elegansembryonic epithelial cells

Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical membrane integrity in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans

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