Actinidin Levels in Fruit of Species and Some Rootstock–Scion Combinations

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Cysteine Protease Inhibitor from Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

“…Although kiwifruit is abundant in the cysteine protease actinidin, the fact that the Ki value of CPI against actinidin is rather high (14 nM) when compared to that of papain (0.16 nM), indicates that CPI does not readily inhibit actinidin [18]. The amount of actinidin in kiwifruit, up to 400 mg per kg of fresh fruits [25], is more than 60 times higher compared to that of CPI (6 mg/kg of fresh fruit). Furthermore, since CPI is synthesized as a pre-protein with the first 26 amino acids representing a signal peptide that designates it to extracellular region, and actinidin, on the other hand, is an intracellular protein [26], it is unlikely that the main role of CPI is to inhibit and regulate actinidin activity during plant development.…”

Sugar and Organic Acid Analysis of and Rootstock–Scion Combinations of

“…The aim of the study was to investigate differences in chemical composition of A. arguta from kiwifruit and the influence of rootstock and scion on chemical composition. Actinidin levels (kiwifruit protease) of A. arguta and rootstock-scion combinations of A. arguta have been reported (4). This paper included a detailed study of harvest date assessment, description of the fruit of A. arguta and the rootstocks and scions, the red fruit colour conferred by A. melanandra, fruit maturity and ripeness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and intravine fruit variability in size, yield and maturity of each rootstock-scion combination, and fruit protein levels.…”

“…Actinidia arguta have been described with favourable characteristics such as high sugar content, 'superb flavour' and appearance (3). One difficulty has been the nonsynchrony of maturity on the vine when compared to kiwifruit (4). Kiwifruit chemical composition has been extensively studied (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) as has that of A. deliciosa cv.…”

Mapping, Complementation, and Targets of the Cysteine Protease Actinidin in Kiwifruit

“…Most genetic and biochemical characterization of actinidin has been carried out in the major commercial green-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var Hayward), with multiple cDNA sequences (Praekelt et al, 1988;Podivinsky et al, 1989), genomic/promoter sequences (Keeling et al, 1990;Snowden and Gardner, 1990), and protein isoforms (Tello-Solis et al, 1995;Sugiyama et al, 1996Sugiyama et al, , 1997 being reported. Varietal differences in CP activity have been reported in the fruit of four A. deliciosa varieties (Prestamo, 1995), in a range of noncommercial Actinidia genotypes (Boyes et al, 1997), as well as in fruit juices extracted from Actinidia varieties and genotypes (Nishiyama, 2007). Most recently, Nieuwenhuizen et al (2007) showed that a major commercial yellowfleshed kiwifruit variety (Actinidia chinensis YellowA) contained less than 2% of the CP activity of A. deliciosa variety Hayward.…”