Actinobacillus suis infection in pigs

Mair, N. S.; Randall, CJ; Thomas, G.; Harbourne, J.F.; McCrea, CT; Cowl, K.P.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(74)90033-4

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The author and colleagues"-") and Mutai et al 14,15) have reported that a heat-killed Lactobacillus casei cell preparacapsulatus and A. actinomycetemcomitans), is a gram-negative capnophilic coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family17). A. suis is found as a commensal agent in alimentary, respiratory and genital tracts of several normal animals such as swine, cattle and horses17- 20) There have been no reports, to date, indicating that the genus Actinobacillus cells show immunopotentiating actions against microbial infections. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not a heat-killed A. suis cell preparation shows resistance-enhancing effects on bacterial infections in normal and immunosuppressed animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Host Resistance to Bacterial Infections in Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice with Actinobacillus suis

Watanabe

1996

kansenshogakuzasshi

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A single intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of heat-killed Actinobacillus suis ATCC 15557 (AS 15557) into normal and immunosuppressed (dexamethasone-treated) mice led to remarkable nonspecific resistance to ip challenge with lethal doses of opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The duration of this enhanced protective action and the minimal effective dose, in normal mice, induced by AS 15557 were superior to those induced by other bacterial immunostimulants such as heat-killed Lavtobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018) and penicillin-treated Streptococcus pyogenes, Su (0K-432). In immunosuppressed mice, the reduced in vivo killing activity of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) against P. aeruginosa infection was markedly augmented by ip injection of AS 15557. The degree of PEC augmentation induced by AS 15557 was higher than that induced by LC 9018 or by OK-432. The toxicity and histopathological changes associated with AS 15557 were very low, as compared with those by produced by LC 9018 and OK-432. The results suggest that AS 15557, which showed a strong resistance-enhancing capacity against opportunistic bacterial infections, may be a useful bacterial immunostimulant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Host Resistance to Bacterial Infections in Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice with Actinobacillus suis

Watanabe

1996

kansenshogakuzasshi

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“…Disease in swine infected with A. suis usually occurs in young animals (less than 6 months of age) and frequently manifests as acute fatal septicemia (30). Disease in older animals occurs less frequently.…”

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“…Disease in older animals occurs less frequently. Swine herds infected with A. suis are not uncommon, but the ability of this organism to cause disease appears to be limited (30). Septicemia caused by hemolytic actinobacilli in horses has also been reported (4,6,22,25), but the strains involved have usually been described as hemolytic variants of A. equuli.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Investigating the acquisition of the cytolysin determinants may assist in interpreting the evolutionary relationship between A. suis and A. pleuropneumoniae. The potential exchange of genetic material between these closely related species is not unlikely, since they share the same host (10,30). Recently, the cytolysin determinant of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 was shown to be flanked by long identical direct repeats, which could lead to the excision of the region through homologous recombination (2).…”

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“…suis and A. pleuropneumoniae are homologous, the organisms differ markedly in their ability to cause disease. A. pleuropneumoniae is highly virulent and causes acute hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia (3, 30), whereas A. suis is an opportunistic pathogen, most often causing septicemia (especially in young animals) and abortion (25,30). Obviously, other virulence factors besides the cytolysins are involved in the localization and the progression of disease caused by these two species.…”

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Molecular characterization of an RTX toxin determinant from Actinobacillus suis

Burrows

1992

Infect Immun

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RTX cytolysins are a family of calcium-dependent, pore-forming, secreted toxins found in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The prototypical member of this family is the ca-hemolysin of Escherichia coli. The RTX genetic determinants from seven members of the family Pasteurellaceae, Pasteurella haemolytica, ActinobaciUus actinomycetemcomitans, and A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 5, 7, and 9 were previously cloned and sequenced. Using the leukotoxin determinant from P. haemolytica serotype Al as a probe, we detected the presence of RTX-type determinants in ActinobaciUlus suis, A. equuli, and A. lignieresii of the family Pasteurellaceae. All three species elaborate proteins of approximately 104 to 110 kDa that are recognized by polyclonal antisera against the 104-kDa hemolysin ofA. pkuropneumoniae serotype 1. An RTX determinant of A. suis isolate 3714 was cloned and sequenced and was found to be almost identical to the RTX determinant of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 5 and 9. In addition, the determinant is not composed of four contiguous genes, as had been reported for most other RTX determinants; instead, the genes encoding the two proteins responsible for secretion of the toxin are at a locus distinct from that containing the toxin structural and activation genes. * Corresponding author. 18, 43), one of the hemolysins of Proteus vulgaris (23), the cyclolysin of Bordetellapertussis (15), and a 180-kDa protein from Neisseria meningitidis (28), among others. The cytolysins are thought to contribute to the virulence of these bacteria (14, 42). We show that three additional members of the family Pasteurellaceae, A. equuli, A. suis, and the type species of Actinobacillus, A. lignieresii, possess RTX cytolysin genes. An RTX hemolysin determinant of A. suis 3714 is characterized by using Southern blot and Western immunoblot analyses and DNA cloning and sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteria, vectors, and culture conditions. The bacterial strains used in this study are described in Table 1. The vectors used for cloning (pBR322) and sequencing (M13 mpl8 and mpl9) were previously described (26). The recombinant plasmid pSF4000, containing the E. coli hemolysin determinant, was obtained from Rod Welch, Madison, Wis. (12). Actinobacillus strains were maintained on sheep blood agar and grown in Todd-Hewitt broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) supplemented with 10 mM CaCl2 (THB+ Ca). E. coli strains were maintained on LT plates and grown in LT medium or LT supplemented with antibiotics as previously described (26). E. coli TG-1, used as a host for the propagation of the M13 phage, was grown in Davis minimal medium as described previously (27). Rabbit antiserum prepared against the gel-purified 104-kDa hemolysin of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 was the generous gift of Soren Rosendal, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (11). Enzymes and chemicals. Restriction endonucleases and DNA-modifying enzymes were purchased from Bethesda Research Laboratories (Burlington, Ontario, Canada), or Pharmacia Chemicals, Inc., and were used as ...

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Self-reported Breast Implants and Connective-Tissue Diseases in Female Health Professionals

Hennekens¹

1996

JAMA

137

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Actinobacillus suis infection in pigs

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Enhancement of Host Resistance to Bacterial Infections in Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice with Actinobacillus suis

Enhancement of Host Resistance to Bacterial Infections in Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice with Actinobacillus suis

Molecular characterization of an RTX toxin determinant from Actinobacillus suis

Self-reported Breast Implants and Connective-Tissue Diseases in Female Health Professionals

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