Actinopolyspora mortivallis sp. nov., a Moderately Halophilic Actinomycete

Abstract

A moderately halophilic actinomycete was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Death Valley, Calif. The morphological and chemical properties of the isolate conform to the characteristics of the genus Actinopolyspora, which until now has contained a single species, Actinopolyspora halophila. Our isolate can be distinguished from A . halophila on the basis of physiological and biochemical properties and DNA relatedness data. Therefore, we propose a new species for this strain, Actinopolyspora rnortivallis; the type strain is strain HS-1 (= JCM 7550).Halophilic microorganisms can be conveniently grouped according to their requirements for NaCl for growth (10). Slightly halophilic organisms in marine environments can grow in the presence of 2 to 3% NaCl. The moderate halophiles grow over a much wider NaCl concentration range (5 to 20%, wtlvol). The extreme halophiles, including the well-known halobacteria and halococci, are able to grow in saturated NaCl and unable to grow in the presence of NaCl concentrations lower than 12%. Gochnauer et al. (6) described a new extremely halophilic actinomycete, Actinopolyspora halophila, which was isolated as a contaminant of a culture medium containing 25% NaCl. This species could grow in saturated NaCl and required a minimum NaCl concentration of 10 to 12.5% for growth. During the course of screening for antibiotics, a moderately halophilic actinomycete that produced nucleoside antibiotics was isolated from salty soil obtained from Death Valley, Calif. This isolate grew in media containing a wide range of NaCl concentrations (5 to 25%, wtlvol), in contrast to the extremely halophilic strain, which survived only in solutions containing more than 10% (wthol) NaC1. On the basis of its morphological and chemical properties, we assign this isolate to the genus Actinopolyspora, and we propose a new species, Actinopolyspora mortivallis, on the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and levels of DNA-DNA homology. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrain HS-lT (T = type strain) was isolated from a soil sample collected at Death Valley, Calif. The following strains were used for comparison with strain HS-lT: Actinopolyspora halophila ATCC 27976T, Amycolata autotrophica JCM 434gT, Amycolatopsis orientalis JCM 4600T, Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM 3095T, Saccharomonospora viridis JCM 3036T, Saccaropolyspora hirsuta JCM 3170T, * Corresponding author. t Present address: Technological Development Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nakagawara, Shinkawacho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi, Japan.$ Present address: Department of Bio-Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.and Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula JCM 3057T. In a DNA-DNA hybridization experiment, Nocardia asteroides JCM 3384T was also used as a negative control.For morphological observations, the strains were grown on complex medium agar (16) and potato-dextrose agar at 45°C for 4 weeks and examined by using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For scanning electron microscopy, an a...

Actinopolyspora lacussalsi sp. nov., an extremely halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake

“…Actinopolyspora iraqiensis (Ruan et al, 1994) has been reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Saccharomonospora halophila (Tang et al, 2011). The typical chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Actinopolyspora are type IV cell wall, phospholipid pattern type PIII, mycolic acids absent, MK-9 (H 4 ), ) and MK-6 as predominant menaquinones, and iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 as major fatty acids (Gochnauer et al, 1975;Yoshida et al, 1991;Guan et al, 2010a;Tang et al, 2011). In this paper, we described a novel Actinopolyspora-like strain, designated TRM 40139 T .…”

“…At the time of writing, the genus Actinopolyspora consists of five species with validly published names, namely Actinopolyspora halophila (the type species; Gochnauer et al, 1975), Actinopolyspora mortivallis (Yoshida et al, 1991), Actinopolyspora xinjiangensis (Guan et al, 2010a), Actinopolyspora alba and Actinopolyspora. erythraea (Tang et al, 2011).…”

Actinopolyspora iraqiensis sp. nov., a New Halophilic Actinomycete Isolated from Soil

“…The cultures used for comparison were A. halophila JCM 3278T 7 ,A. mortivallis HS-lT (19), and Nocardiopsis halophila IQ-H3 $1 (la). Growth characterization.…”

“…Since 1975, only two species of extremely halophilic actinomycetes, Actinopolyspora halophila (7) and Actinopolyspora mortivallis (19), have been reported. Recently, over 100 actinomycete strains were isolated from saline soil samples obtained from different regions of Iraq (1).…”

Biodiversity and biotechnological applications of halophilic microbes for sustainable agriculture

“…The novel and efficient enzymes producing halophilic microbes may be used in different industrial processes. There are many novel species of halophilic microbes including Actinopolyspora mortivallis [3], Halothermothrix orenii [4], Natrinema versiforme [5], Halomonas marisflavae [6], Bacillus marisflavi [7], Arcobacter halophilus [8], Nesterenkonia aethiopica [9], Aquisalimonas asiatica [10], Amycolatopsis halophila [11], Pontibacillus yanchengensis [12], Streptomyces chilikensis [13], Prauserella isguenensis [14], Marinirhabdus gelatinilytica [15], and Haloprofundus marisrubri [16], which have been sorted out from crops growing under saline conditions, saline lakes, and hypersaline soils worldwide.…”