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T w o actinomycete strains, DF-28 and DF-32T, were isolated from soil samples collected in a deciduous dipterocarp forest in Thailand. They produced longitudinally paired spores on the tips of short sporophores alternately branched from aerial hyphae, and the chemotaxonomic properties of the isolates were the same as those of members of the family Streptosporangiaceae. These phenotypic properties, together with the results of a phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rRNA gene sequences, indicated that these isolates should be assigned to the genus Microbispora. The two isolates showed more than 93% DNA relatedness to each other, but their relatedness to any previously described species of the genus Microbispora was only 4 5 % or less. They were distinguishable from previously described Microbispora spp. b y a combination of physiological and biochemical properties. Therefore, a new species is proposed for these strains, under the name Microbispora corallina sp. nov. The type strain is strain DF-32T ( = JCM 10267T).

The description of the genus Kineosporiu is amended after chemotaxonomic and morphological studies of the type strain of the type species, Kineosporiu uurantiucu JCM 3230. This organism yielded both LL-and rneso-diaminopimelic acids, which suggested that the former is present in the mycelium and the latter is present in the spores. There was no characteristic sugar pattern. A diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine, and a major menaquinone component was MK-9(H4). No iso/anteiso branched fatty acids and no mycolic acids were observed. Colonies on agar lacked aerial mycelia, formed central projections including spores, and were occasionally accompanied by bunches of spore clusters in the agar. Spores were catenated or were located singly or aggregately at the tips of the vegetative hyphae. Our data indicate that the strain representative of the genus Kineosporiu shows some similarity to the spore dome actinomycetes described by Willoughby and by Makkar and Cross.The name Kineosporia aurantiaca was proposed by Pagani and Parenti in 1978 (11) for an actinomycete that lacked aerial mycelia and bore numerous sporangia, each of which contained a single zoospore, on the substrate mycelia. Analyses of the cellular components in the original description showed the presence of glycine and LL-diaminopimelic acid (A,pm) in the cell walls and arabinose, galactose, and xylose in the whole organism. Pagani and Parenti emphasized the structure of the sporangium of their strain, compared with the sporangia of the other sporangium-forming actinomycetes, and consequently placed it in the new genus Kineosporia .Recently, Hasegawa et al. (4) reported that whole cells of K . aurantiaca contain two isomers of A,pm, the LL and meso forms, but lack arabinose and xylose. Our analyses agree with the analyses of these authors. In addition, we observed that the spores are catenated or form aggregately at the tips of hyphae.Therefore, the description of the genus Kineosporia should be revised, and further studies on K . aurantiaca should be undertaken. We studied this organism to gain a better understanding of the taxonomy of the monospecific genus Kineosporia . MATERIALS AND METHODSStrain used, cultivation, and spore collection. K . aurantiaca JCM 3230T (= KCC A-0320T = Ah0312 Pagani and ParentiT) (T = type strain) was cultivated in yeast extract-glucose broth containing 10 g of yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and 10 g of glucose in 1,000 ml of distilled water (pH 7.2) at 28°C for 5 to 6 days and then harvested by centrifugation. The biomass consisted of mycelial mats and numerous zoospores; this preparation was designated whole cultured organism.Spores were collected from a spread culture grown on a dilute yeast extract-starch agar plate containing 0.5 g of yeast extract (Daigo Eiyo, Osaka, Japan), 2.5 g of soluble starch, and 15 g of agar in 1,000 ml of distilled water (pH 7.3) at 25°C for 6 days. The spread culture was dipped in distilled water, and the surface was lightly scratched to promote the release of m...

Actinomycetes are one of the main microbial groups that produce bioactive compounds used as antibiotics. Although bacteria, mold and yeast have frequently been found in bees, the presence of actinomycetes in bee hives had not been previously identified or reported. The aim of our research was to focus on the diversity of actinomycetes in bee hives in Thailand. Bees, brood cells and hive materials were collected from apiaries and natural sources. Thirty-two isolates of actinomycetes were isolated and identified using morphological, physiological, chemical and molecular characterization. Most of the isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Some less frequent isolates were classified in the genera Nonomuraea, Nocardiopsis and Actinomadura.