Action of tricyclazole on the biosynthesis of melanin in some fungi of the genus Verticillium

Ten, Leonid N.; Stepanichenko, N. N.; Mukhamedzhanov, S. Z.; Khotyanovich, A. V.

doi:10.1007/bf00579801

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…To test whether ATR‐dependent accumulation of melanin is a defence response against genotoxic stress, we used tricyclazole (5‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazolbenzothiazole, TCZ), a specific inhibitor of 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)‐melanin biosynthesis (Ten et al ., ), to inhibit the accumulation of melanin in the presence of DNA genotoxic stress. The growth of S. turcica on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates containing TCZ and exposed to genotoxic pressure was assessed by measuring colony size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setosphaeria turcica ATR turns off appressorium‐mediated maize infection and triggers melanin‐involved self‐protection in response to genotoxic stress

Zeng

Meng

Hao

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Eukaryotic organisms activate conserved signalling networks to maintain genomic stability in response to DNA genotoxic stresses. However, the coordination of this response pathway in fungal pathogens remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which the northern corn leaf blight pathogen Setosphaeria turcica controls maize infection and activates self‐protection pathways in response to DNA genotoxic insults. Appressorium‐mediated maize infection by S. turcica was blocked by the S‐phase checkpoint. This repression was dependent on the checkpoint central kinase Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), as inhibition of ATR activity or knockdown of the ATR gene recovered appressorium formation in the presence of genotoxic reagents. ATR promoted melanin biosynthesis in S. turcica as a defence response to stress. The melanin biosynthesis genes StPKS and StLac2 were induced by the ATR‐mediated S‐phase checkpoint. The responses to DNA genotoxic stress were conserved in a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, including Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Alternaria solani, and Alternaria kikuchiana, which are known causal agents for plant diseases. We propose that in response to genotoxic stress, phytopathogenic fungi including S. turcica activate an ATR‐dependent pathway to suppress appressorium‐mediated infection and induce melanin‐related self‐protection in addition to conserved responses in eukaryotes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setosphaeria turcica ATR turns off appressorium‐mediated maize infection and triggers melanin‐involved self‐protection in response to genotoxic stress

Zeng

Meng

Hao

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Prevention of aflatoxin contamination by a soil bacterium of Stenotrophomonas sp. that produces aflatoxin production inhibitors

et al. 2013

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A soil bacterium, designated strain no. 27, was found to produce aflatoxin-production inhibitors. The strain was identified as a species of the genus Stenotrophomonas, and was found to be closely related to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. Two diketopiperazines, cyclo(L-Ala-L-Pro) and cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro), were isolated from the bacterial culture filtrate as main active components. These compounds inhibited aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in liquid medium at concentrations of several hundred mM without affecting fungal growth. Both inhibitors inhibited production of norsorolinic acid, a biosynthetic intermediate involved in an early step of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, and reduced the mRNA level of aflR, which is a gene encoding a key regulatory protein necessary for the expression of aflatoxin-biosynthetic enzymes. These results indicated that the inhibitors targets are present in early regulatory steps leading to AflR expression. Co-culture of strain no. 27 with aflatoxigenic fungi in liquid medium effectively suppressed aflatoxin production of the fungus without affecting fungal growth. Furthermore, application of the bacterial cells to peanuts in laboratory experiments and at a farmer's warehouse in Thailand by dipping peanuts in the bacterial cell suspension strongly inhibited aflatoxin accumulation. The inhibitory effect was dependent on bacterial cell numbers. These results indicated that strain no. 27 may be a practically effective biocontrol agent for aflatoxin control.

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Biosynthesis and Functions of Fungal Melanins

Bell¹,

Wheeler²

1986

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

865

339

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Action of tricyclazole on the biosynthesis of melanin in some fungi of the genus Verticillium

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Setosphaeria turcica ATR turns off appressorium‐mediated maize infection and triggers melanin‐involved self‐protection in response to genotoxic stress

Setosphaeria turcica ATR turns off appressorium‐mediated maize infection and triggers melanin‐involved self‐protection in response to genotoxic stress

Prevention of aflatoxin contamination by a soil bacterium of Stenotrophomonas sp. that produces aflatoxin production inhibitors

Biosynthesis and Functions of Fungal Melanins

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