Actions of Steroids in Mitochondria

Gavrilova-Jordan, Larisa; Price, Thomas M.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-973428

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…A new transcription factor, MTERF3, acting as a negative regulator of mitochondrial transcription, has been added to the list of mitochondrial transcription factors. The sites on the genome of the predicted (12, 13, 88) and experimentally verified (14,16,18,(89)(90)(91) binding sites for steroid and thyroid hormone receptors are depicted: red triangles, HREs for class I receptors (consensus sequence, AGAACAxxxTGTTCT), black triangles, HREs for class II receptors (consensus sequence AGGTCAxxxTGACCT). Mutations not only of the structural genes but also of regulatory sites of the genome (D-loop), can be linked to disease states.…”

Section: Role Of Mitochondrial Steroid Hormone Receptors In Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steroid and thyroid hormones also exert rapid effects by way of membrane bound receptors-classical, G-protein associated, or still unidentified molecules (7)(8)(9)(10) resulting in modulation of membrane, cytoplasmic, and/or nuclear associated processes (11). The detection of steroid and TRs in mitochondria of a variety of cells raised the question as to the role of these agents in mitochondrial physiology and in the coordination of processes necessitating the involvement of both nuclear and mitochondrial actions (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors in mitochondria

2008

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SummaryReceptors for glucocorticoids, estrogens, androgens, and thyroid hormones have been detected in mitochondria of various cell types by Western blotting, immunofluorescence labeling, confocal microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy. A role of these receptors in mitochondrial transcription, OXPHOS biosynthesis, and apoptosis is now being revealed. Steroid and thyroid hormones regulate energy production, inducing nuclear and mitochondrial OXPHOS genes by way of cognate receptors. In addition to the action of the nuclearly localized receptors on nuclear OXPHOS gene transcription, a parallel direct action of the mitochondrially localized receptors on mitochondrial transcription has been demonstrated. The coordination of transcription activation in nuclei and mitochondria by the respective receptors is in part realized by their binding to common trans acting elements in the two genomes. Recent evidence points to a role of the mitochondrial receptors in cell survival and apoptosis, exerted by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. The identification of additional receptors of the superfamily of nuclear receptors and of other nuclear transcription factors in mitochondria increases their arsenal of regulatory molecules and further underlines the central role of these organelles in the integration of growth, metabolic, and cell survival signals.2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(4): [210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223] 2008

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Section: Role Of Mitochondrial Steroid Hormone Receptors In Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors in mitochondria

2008

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“…Testosterone is the primary circulating androgen, even in women, and is the ligand for the androgen receptor (AR), although it can also crossreact with both the ER and PR at low affinity [Gao et al, 2005;Boonyaratanakornkit and Edwards, 2007]. Steroid receptors (ER, PR, and AR) belong to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, which are activated when their ligand (E2, P4 or T) binds to the nuclear-envelope-anchored receptor and the complex subsequently enters the nucleus to bind to hormone response elements (HRE) in gene promoter regions, thereby activating transcription of downstream effector genes [Fernandez-Valdivia et al, 2005;Boonyaratanakornkit and Edwards 2007;Gavrilova-Jordan and Price 2007] (Fig. 2).…”

Section: The Hormonal Milieu During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of steroid hormones in the NF1 phenotype: Focus on pregnancy

Roth

Petty

Barald

2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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The Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of its protein, neurofibromin, in the autosomal dominant disorder NF1 is associated with peripheral nervous system tumors, particularly neurofibromas, benign lesions in which the major cell type is the Schwann Cell (SC). Benign and malignant human tumors found in NF1 patients are heterogeneous with respect to their cellular composition. The number and size of neurofibromas in NF1 patients has been shown to increase during pregnancy, with, in some cases, post-partum regression, which suggests hormonal involvement in this increase. However, in this review, we consider evidence from the literature that both direct hormonal influence on tumor growth and on angiogenesis may contribute to these effects.

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“…However, recent advances in molecular research reveal that sex hormones do play a significant role in normal physiology of various organs other than the organs of the reproductive system. Both androgens and estrogens regulate transcriptional activation of various molecules involved in key cellular processes such as generation of immune responses, cell proliferation and apoptosis through functional receptors localized in various sub-cellular organelles [10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Kalra¹,

Mayes²,

Assefa³

et al. 2008

WJG

133

116

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The striking gender disparity observed in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests an important role of sex hormones in HCC pathogenesis. Though the studies began as early as in 1980s, the precise role of sex hormones and the significance of their receptors in HCC still remain poorly understood and perhaps contribute to current controversies about the potential use of hormonal therapy in HCC. A comprehensive review of the existing literature revealed several shortcomings associated with the studies on estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in normal liver and HCC. These shortcomings include the use of less sensitive receptor ligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry studies for ERα alone until 1996 when ERβ isoform was identified. The animal models of HCC utilized for studies were primarily based on chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis with less similarity to virus-induced HCC pathogenesis. However, recent in vitro studies in hepatoma cells provide newer insights for hormonal regulation of key cellular processes including interaction of ER and AR with viral proteins. In light of the above facts, there is an urgent need for a detailed investigation of sex hormones and their receptors in normal liver and HCC. In this review, we systematically present the information currently available on androgens, estrogens and their receptors in normal liver and HCC obtained from in vitro , in vivo experimental models and clinical studies. This information will direct future basic and clinical research to bridge the gap in knowledge to explore the therapeutic potential of hormonal therapy in HCC.

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Actions of Steroids in Mitochondria

Cited by 66 publications

References 88 publications

Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors in mitochondria

Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors in mitochondria

The role of steroid hormones in the NF1 phenotype: Focus on pregnancy

Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

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