Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate

Shin, Yunne-Jaï; Midgley, Guy F.; Archer, Emma; Arneth, Almut; Barnes, David K. A.; Chan, Lena; Hashimoto, Shizuka; Hoegh‐Guldberg, Ove; Insarov, Gregory; Leadley, Paul; Levin, Lisa A.; Ngo, Hien T.; Pandit, Ram; Pires, Aliny P. F.; Pörtner, Hans‐Otto; Rogers, AD; Scholes, Robert J.; Settele, Josef; Smith, Pete

doi:10.1111/gcb.16109

Cited by 100 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 325 publications

(462 reference statements)

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“…The results show that urban woody plant species were abundant, with 98 species belonging to 51 genera and 26 families in the snow climate city of Changchun. The variation in woody to several human-induced changes in the global environment (Shin et al 2022). Cities are areas where human beings make use of nature and transform nature most thoroughly (Rigolon et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the drivers of woody plant diversity in urban parks in a snow climate city of China

Zhang

et al. 2022

J. For. Res.

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Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and play an important role in biodiversity conservation. However, it is still unclear how park characteristics affect plant diversity which could hinder the conservation of urban biodiversity due to the ineffective design of urban parks. The diversity of woody plants in 33 parks of Changchun, China, was measured with plot measurements and linked with urban park characteristics (e.g., size and age of the park) to uncover the relationship between them. The results show that urban woody plant species were abundant, with 98 species belonging to 51 genera and 26 families in the snow climate city of Changchun. The variation in woody plant diversity was largely explained by internal patch characteristics (e.g., size, age, shape), and external factors surrounding the park (e.g., land use type and socioeconomic level) accounted for only 16.0% in our study. For internal patch characteristics, older urban parks with larger areas demonstrated a richer level of plant diversity and increased nonlinearly with increasing park area. The threshold size significantly affecting plant diversity variation was approximately 30 ha. Plant diversity had positive linear relationships with the ages of urban parks, supporting the legacy effect. In addition, woody plant diversity nonlinearly decreased with increasing park shape index, which suggested that the plant diversity could also be increased by optimizing the park shape. Regarding the external factors surrounding parks, the spatial distribution of woody plant diversity varied greatly from the urban center to the suburbs. House prices around the park had positive linear relationships with woody plant diversity in parks, supporting the luxury effect. However, building and road proportions, and green space proportion had no relationship with plant diversity in parks. This study can provide a robust reference for enriching plant diversity in urban parks, thus improving the development of urban sustainable cities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the drivers of woody plant diversity in urban parks in a snow climate city of China

Zhang

et al. 2022

J. For. Res.

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“…In this synthesis, we consider a range of specific mitigation approaches. We showcase actions that result in co‐benefits for both biodiversity and climate change and people, demonstrating that adopting dynamic approaches to conservation will allow for flexible responses, and leverage nature's capacity to contribute to climate change mitigation (Shin et al, 2022) and adaptation. The most robust path to progress in limiting climate change while safeguarding biodiversity depends not just on the identification of the strongest win‐win solutions to pursue by region but also to eliminate demonstrably inadequate – or worse, lose‐lose interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Both at sea and on land, adopting dynamic approaches to conservation, rather than static goals, will be allow flexible responses and leverage biodiversity's capacity to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. In face of climate change, conservation will be about managing the change, since a return to the historical state will be impossible to achieve (Arneth et al, 2020; Shin et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Paris Agreement and The Cbd Post‐2020 Global Biodiversit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co‐benefit biodiversity?

Smith

Arneth

Barnes

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems can have co‐benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions to limit warming to less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, can yield strong co‐benefits for land, freshwater and marine biodiversity and reduce amplifying climate feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all climate mitigation strategies are equally effective at producing biodiversity co‐benefits, some in fact are counterproductive. Moreover, social implications are often overlooked within the climate‐biodiversity nexus. Protecting biodiverse and carbon‐rich natural environments, ecological restoration of potentially biodiverse and carbon‐rich habitats, the deliberate creation of novel habitats, taking into consideration a locally adapted and meaningful (i.e. full consequences considered) mix of these measures, can result in the most robust win‐win solutions. These can be further enhanced by avoidance of narrow goals, taking long‐term views and minimizing further losses of intact ecosystems. In this review paper, we first discuss various climate mitigation actions that evidence demonstrates can negatively impact biodiversity, resulting in unseen and unintended negative consequences. We then examine climate mitigation actions that co‐deliver biodiversity and societal benefits. We give examples of these win‐win solutions, categorized as ‘protect, restore, manage and create’, in different regions of the world that could be expanded, upscaled and used for further innovation.

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“…As reviewed above, anthropogenic factors and associated processes responsible for the decline of freshwater biodiversity are clearly identified since decades and several existing solutions, either technological, nature-based or policy-based, could be applied globally to halt and/or reverse this rapid decline. These solutions can also benefit climate change mitigation and human well-being (Pörtner et al, 2021;Shin et al, 2022;Smith et al, 2022). Some few examples of potential solutions focusing on improving water quality, restoring freshwater connectivity and protecting freshwater systems globally are given below (see, e.g.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time for decisive actions to protect freshwater ecosystems from global changes

Oberdorff

2022

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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Freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity provide fundamental services to humans such as nutritional resources production, water provisioning, water purification, recreation, and more globally climate regulation. Anthropogenic impacts on freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity are already strong and will most probably increase in the near future. Anthropogenic drivers are widely known and include in particular, climate change, habitat shrinking and/or modification due to land-use (e.g. water abstraction for human and agricultural consumption, urbanization), habitat fragmentation and homogenization in stream flow dynamics due to the damming of rivers, introduction of non-native species, dumping of nutrient or organic loadings increasing eutrophication processes, and biodiversity over-exploitation. Here, I review the current and future effects of these anthropogenic drivers on freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity and provide some few examples of existing solutions, either technological, nature-based or policy-based, that could be applied globally to halt and/or minimize their negative consequences. However, success will require systemic changes across public policy and a sufficient political will to do so.

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Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate

Abstract: The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening of | 2847 SHIN et al.

Cited by 100 publications

References 325 publications

Understanding the drivers of woody plant diversity in urban parks in a snow climate city of China

Understanding the drivers of woody plant diversity in urban parks in a snow climate city of China

How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co‐benefit biodiversity?

Time for decisive actions to protect freshwater ecosystems from global changes

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