Activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash as microwave absorbers for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

Chuayjumnong, Sunisa; Karrila, Seppo; Jumrat, Saysunee; Pianroj, Yutthapong

doi:10.1039/d0ra04966b

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In contrast, phenol was the dominant component in the bio-oil phase at 44.2% and 40.9% for 400 °C and 700 °C runs, respectively. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature reduces amounts of phenol and phenolic compounds (Idris et al 2021), but increases the other chemical components because large chemical molecules tend to be broken down into many smaller molecules, as also found in the previous study by Chuayjumnong et al (2020). After MW pyrolysis the solid phase of the mixture sample, which remained in the quartz reactor, was separated to AC and residual OPS by particle size.…”

Section: Product Quality Of Crude Bio-oil (Aqueous Phase and Bio-oil ...supporting

confidence: 57%

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Properties of bio-oil and bio-char from high-intensity microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

Jansuwan

Jumrat

Punvichai

et al. 2023

BioRes

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis was applied using four magnetrons to implement a high intensity at a power density of 0.3107 W/m3 with 800 g specimen size. The 23 full factorial experimental design manipulated the factors temperature, mixture ratio, and pyrolysis time, seeking to maximize %yield at minimum cost of crude bio-oil. The optimum according to model fit had a temperature of 611 °C with a 70:30 sample mixture ratio of oil palm shell (OPS) to activated carbon (AC), and time 39.6 min for a yield of 15.3% and 8.48 Thai-Baht/cc cost. The coefficients of determination were R2 = 93.99% and 94.00% for the respective models. In the aqueous phase of crude bio-oil, acetic acid was the dominant chemical component at 55.2%, whereas phenol was dominant in the bio-oil phase at 44.2%, from 400 °C pyrolysis temperature. The assessed properties of bio-char were proximate composition, heating value, specific surface, and pore volume, and these were improved compared to the raw OPS. However, these properties must be improved further to match commercial-grade activated carbon.

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Section: Product Quality Of Crude Bio-oil (Aqueous Phase and Bio-oil ...supporting

confidence: 57%

“…Pianroj et al (2016) demonstrated high-intensity MAP with two magnetrons. Chuayjumnong et al (2020) modified a household MW oven to study MAP with OPS and AC. They found that a large specific surface area of the AC can increase both yield and quantity of bio-oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of bio-oil and bio-char from high-intensity microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

Jansuwan

Jumrat

Punvichai

et al. 2023

BioRes

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“…During the last few decades, there was growing research interest on the utilization of alternative origin of waste materials from industry and agriculture for activated carbon production [24][25][26][27]. A sizable numbers of reports have been published on generation of activated carbon from agro waste such as palm shell [28,29], coconut shell [30,31], corn cob [32], olive stones [33] and walnut shell [34], coir pith [35], rice bran [36], chickpea husks [37], oil palm shell [38], etc. Ioannidou et al [23] have used the agricultural residues such as soya stalks, corn cobs, rapeseed stalks, and olive kernels as precursors for the generation of activated carbon.…”

Section: Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Environmental-Friendly Agro Waste Management

Sahu¹

2023

Solid Waste and Landfills Management - Recent Advances

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Abundant amount of agro wastes is produced day by day globally to manage the escalating needs of billons of human population. The agro wastes are produced from various sources mainly crops left out, agro industries, aquaculture, and livestock. The major ingredient of agro wastes are of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, etc. Conventionally, most of the crops left out were used for composting, animal fodder, domestic fuel, etc. Due to modernization technology in agriculture sector, people from Third World countries prefer cost-effective methods such as combustion process. Improper management of agro waste generated in the process has been contributing toward escalating air, soil, and water pollution. A proper environmental-friendly management of agro waste is the need of the time for sustainability, food, and health security of human. Lignin and hemicellulose can be used for generation of biofuels and biofertilizer. Cellulose can be sustainably used for the production of nanosilica, biodegradable polymer, paper, pulp, etc. This chapter emphasizes sustainable agro waste management without affecting the environment at lower cost in timely manner. In particular, the agro waste biomass could be used as a source of value-added bio-product, which has wide applications and impacts the bio-economy without hampering the climatic change issue.

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“…The mechanism of electromagnetic wave radiation protective materials includes: first, the wave reflection mechanism uses metal, this is because metals have electrons that are always moving [15]. Second, the absorption mechanism, where the material must have an electric or magnetic dipole, such as ZnO, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , BaTiO 3 for electric dipole materials or Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 for magnetic dipole materials [16].…”

Section: The Aim and Objectives Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of effect of water hyacinth carbonization temperature on fabrication and EMI shielding radar

Imammuddin

Suparman

Suprapto

et al. 2021

EEJET

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The need to increase the ability of water hyacinth composites as EMI radar protection is related to the carbonization process of organic materials. This research aimed to determine the effect of water hyacinth carbonization temperature on the effectiveness of fabrication and EMI shielding radar. The research method includes the preparations such as cutting, washing, and drying the water hyacinth. The drying process is carried out using an oven with a temperature of 70 °C for 4 days. Then the water hyacinth is mashed until it reaches the 80 mesh size. Then the carbonization process is carried out, with variations in carbonization temperature ranging from 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1,000 °C, with a heat increase speed of 3 °C/minutes. After reaching the specified temperature, a holding time is then carried out for 1 hour. Furthermore, the composite composition of 30 % water hyacinth activated carbon powder and 70 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was molded using a hot press with a pressure of 300 kg/cm2 at 180 °C for 10 minutes. The results showed that the water hyacinth composite could be used as an EMI protection material at the X-Band frequency (8–12.5 GHz). Where the electrical conductivity and EMI SE increases with increasing carbonization temperature. Water hyacinth composites at a carbonization temperature of 1,000 °C showed the highest electrical conductivity and the highest EMI SE, respectively 4.64∙10-2 S/cm and 41.15 dB (attenuation 99.99 %) at a frequency of 8 GHz. The high absorption contribution is associated with the synergy combination of KCl and the pore structure of the goitre. KCl contributes to the magnetic properties and pore structure with high electrical conductivity values

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Activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash as microwave absorbers for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

Abstract: In this study, the effects of two microwave absorbers (MWAb) or catalysts, namely activated carbon (AC) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA), were investigated in microwave pyrolysis of oil palm shell (OPS).

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Properties of bio-oil and bio-char from high-intensity microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

Properties of bio-oil and bio-char from high-intensity microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

Perspective Chapter: Environmental-Friendly Agro Waste Management

An analysis of effect of water hyacinth carbonization temperature on fabrication and EMI shielding radar

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