Activated carbon from Water Hyacinth as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline fuel cell

S, L. Morales; Baas-López, José Martín; Barbosa, Romeli; Pacheco, Dennis P.; Escobar, Beatriz

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.094

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Aquatic biomass mainly refers to biomass produced by aquatic plants in the process of growth and production processing, including lotus, reed, duckweed, purslane, kelp, and algae. , These aquatic plants are very diverse, with more than 30,000 species of algae alone. Their chemical compositions are greatly influenced by solar radiation levels, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature, pH, salinity, and nutrients, and there are considerable economic and technical challenges to overcome in supercapacitor applications. − The most common sources of animal waste biomass are hair, flesh, bones, shells, and excrement from various animals. − These wastes are often recycled and used as fertilizer on agricultural land, but with stricter environmental regulations regarding pollution, health, and gas emissions, this low value-added application will be significantly limited. Chitin is a typical animal waste biomass, which is extracted from the crustacean shell polysaccharides .…”

Section: Biomass Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Future Directions of Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon: Designing, Preparation, and Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2023

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In the past decades, fossil energy depletion, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in serious health threats and ecological imbalances, which prompt researchers to explore green and sustainable supercapacitor energy storage and conversion systems. Biomass is a promising renewable energy source to use for biomass porous carbon for supercapacitor devices because it is renewable and has abundant reserves, a low price, and low pollution carbon energy. To date, although some reports have screened different biomass precursors, carbonization methods, and activation strategies and mechanisms, a comprehensive evaluation and critical review of the correlation among biomass porous carbon properties, including pore structure and surface chemistry, and electrochemical energy storage performances of supercapacitors are absent from a multidisciplinary assessment perspective. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent advances in the biomass porous carbon synthesis process focusing on different carbonization and activation strategies, point out the scope of applicability and advantages/disadvantages of these methods in supercapacitor applications, and reveal the reaction mechanisms and limitations for commercial production. Then, the relationships among biomass porous carbon properties, including hierarchical porous structure, surface chemistry, specific surface area, and electrochemical performances of supercapacitors are reviewed in detail, which enables researchers to prepare and design advanced materials in a more rational way and facilitates them to explore more cutting-edge energy storage materials. Finally, two effective techniques including heteroatom doping and composite material construction are reviewed to address the general problem of low supercapacitor energy density. This review demonstrates the great potential of biomass porous carbon with superior properties, provides advanced tailoring and design viewpoints for the application fields of high-performance supercapacitors, and is expected to inspire new exploration and boost the practical commercial applications of biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material in more energy storage and conversion fields.

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Section: Biomass Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Future Directions of Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon: Designing, Preparation, and Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2023

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“…Subsequently, the cleaned water hyacinth stem was chopped into tiny pieces (about 2 cm) and allowed to dry for a week under shade before being baked for 2 h at 90 °C. 24 By following the activation procedure with little modifications, 29 the dried stem was crushed and pulverized to get precursor samples with a particle size of 150 μm (mesh #100). Then, 15 g of precursor was treated using (10, 15, and 20 g) potassium hydroxide pellets (KOH, >85.0%, Mumbai, India) with (10, 15, and 20 g) potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 , >99.0%, Mumbai, India) in 50 mL of double-distilled water to dissolve all KOH and K 2 CO 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Water Hyacinth Stem-Based Oxygen-Functionalized Activated Carbon for Enhanced Supercapacitors

Temesgen,

Dessie,

Tilahun

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In the current world, storing and converting energy without affecting the natural ecosystem are considered a sustainable and efficient green energy source production technology. Especially, using low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highcycle stability activated carbon (AC) from the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) waste material for charge storage application is the current attractive strategy for renewable energy generation. In this study, preparation of AC from water hyacinth using a mixed chemical activation agent followed by activation time was optimized by the I-optimal coordinate exchange design model based on a 3-factor/3-level strategy under nine experimental runs. The optimum conditions to prepare AC were found to be potassium hydroxide (≈17 g) and potassium carbonate (≈11 g), and the carbonization time was approximately 1 h. Under these augmented conditions, the maximum specific capacitance suggested by the designed model was found to be ≈75.2 F/g. The regression coefficient (R 2 = 0.9979), adjusted (R 2 = 0.9917), predicted (R 2 = 0.8706), adequate precision (39.2795), and p-values (0.0062) proved the good correlation between actual and predicted values. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the final optimized AC were characterized by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), highresolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and potentiostat (CV and EIS) instruments. Finally, the optimized AC electrode after 100 cycles at a current density of 2 A g −1 retains an efficiency of 71.57%, indicating the good stability and sustainability of this material.

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“…Di sisi lain, adanya gugus OH dapat berperan dalam adsorpsi fosfat. Bilangan gelombang 2954,95 cm -1 menunjukkan pita serapan dari ikatan C-H pada gugus metil dan metilen (Huang et al, 2014) dan bisa memungkinkan merupakan bilangan gelombang dari ikatan C-H stretching dari grup alifatik ataupun alkena (Morales et al, 2021).…”

Section: Isoterm Langmuirunclassified

Kinerja Karbon Aktif Daun Eceng Gondok pada Penurunan Kadar Fosfat Artifisial dan Surfaktan dalam Limbah Detergen

Wulandari,

Riyanto,

Martono

2023

ALCHEMY J. Pen. Kim

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Limbah detergen masuk ke dalam kategori limbah domestik karena limbah ini memiliki potensi membentuk film pada permukaan air dan menurunkan tingkat transfer oksigen ke dalam air. Oleh karena itu, penanganan limbah detergen diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis karbon aktif dari Daun Eceng Gondok (DEG) sebagai adsorben fosfat dalam limbah fosfat artifisial dan surfaktan dalam limbah detergen. Tingginya kandungan selulosa dalam daun eceng gondok membuat tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi untuk diolah menjadi bahan dasar alternatif untuk karbon aktif. Sintesis karbon aktif DEG dilakukan melalui proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400 ℃ selama 60 menit dilanjutkan proses aktivasi dengan rasio karbon: H3PO4 30% yaitu 1:4 (b/b). Selanjutnya, pemanasan dilakukan menggunakan furnace pada suhu 600 ℃ selama 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif DEG memiliki gugus fungsional O‒H, C‒H, C=C, C≡C, dan C‒O serta karakter mikropori (d = 1,10 nm) dan luas permukaan sebesar 726,49 m2/g. Pada kajian kinetika dan isoterm adsorpsi, penjerapan karbon aktif DEG terhadap fosfat dan surfaktan mengikuti pemodelan kinetika Elovich dengan kapasitas adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 11,67 mg/g dan 4,19 mg/g. Efektivitas karbon aktif DEG dalam adsorpsi fosfat dan surfaktan berturut-turut mencapai 78,35% dan 52,99%.Performance of Activated Carbon from Water Hyacinth Leaves (WHL) for Reducing Artificial Phosphate and Surfactant Levels in Detergent Waste. Detergent waste is classified into the domestic waste category because it forms a film on the water surface and reduce the oxygen level in the water. Therefore, handling detergent waste is necessary to improve water quality. In this research, activated carbon was synthesized from water hyacinth leaves (WHL) as an adsorbent for phosphate in artificial phosphate waste and surfactant in detergent waste. The high cellulose content in water hyacinth leaves gives this plant the potential to be processed into an alternative base material for activated carbon. The synthesis of activated carbon from WHL (ACWHL) was carried out through a carbonization process at 400 ℃ for 60 min followed by an activation process using a weight ratio of carbon: H3PO4 30% = 1:4 (w/w) followed by heating at 600 ℃ for 60 min. The research results show that ACWHL has the functional groups O‒H, C‒H, C=C, C≡C, and C‒O as well as microporous character (d = 1.10 nm) and a surface area of 726.49 m2/g. In the study of kinetics and adsorption isotherms, the adsorption of ACWHL on phosphate and surfactants followed Elovich kinetic modeling with adsorption capacities of 11.67 mg/g and 4.19 mg/g, respectively. The effectiveness of ACWHL in adsorption of phosphate and surfactant reached 78.35% and 52.99%, respectively.

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Activated carbon from Water Hyacinth as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline fuel cell

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Recent Progress and Future Directions of Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon: Designing, Preparation, and Supercapacitor Applications

Recent Progress and Future Directions of Biomass-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon: Designing, Preparation, and Supercapacitor Applications

Optimization of Water Hyacinth Stem-Based Oxygen-Functionalized Activated Carbon for Enhanced Supercapacitors

Kinerja Karbon Aktif Daun Eceng Gondok pada Penurunan Kadar Fosfat Artifisial dan Surfaktan dalam Limbah Detergen

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