Activated Charcoal in Medical Applications, Second Edition

Cooney, David O.

doi:10.1201/b14201

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…2,14 Dosing regimens have been based on age (25- 50 g in children), on weight (1 g/kg), and on the estimate of the toxin ingested (10 g of AC per 1 g of toxin). 14 Recommendations have been for administration of the largest dose that the patient is able to handle when the dose of the toxin is unknown or when the dose of the toxin is known for a ratio of 8:1 or 10:1. 14 When considering use of AC in the home, the dose of toxin ingested is small by the nature of the decision to treat at home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Administration of Activated Charcoal in the Home

Spiller¹,

Rodgers²

2001

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Activated charcoal (AC) is recognized as the treatment of choice for gastrointestinal decontamination after many ingestions. AC use in the home has been limited by concerns that parents would not administer it properly and that children would refuse to take AC. Previous descriptions of home administration have reported mixed results.Methods. This was an 18-month consecutive case series of all patients for whom AC administration was recommended in the home. Data collected included AC availability in the home and/or a local pharmacy, success in administration, amount administered, time after ingestion to AC administration, difficulties in administration, adverse effects, age and gender of patient, substance involved in poisoning, and medical outcome. All cases were followed for at least 3 days after the ingestion. Patients who initially had home AC recommendation but who ultimately were treated in the emergency department (ED) served as a comparison group.Results. Home administration of AC was recommended in 138 cases. A total of 115 individuals (83%) were treated with AC in the home, with no failures to administer AC. Reasons for failure to manage at home were 1) mother preferred ED (8 cases), 2) could not locate AC (7 cases), 3) pharmacy closed for the night (6 cases) and 4) no home telephone for follow-up (2 cases). Time to AC administration after ingestion was a mean of 38 minutes (؎18.3) for home treatment and 73 minutes (؎18.1) for ED treatment. Ninety-five percent of home cases received AC in <60 minutes versus 33% for ED management. AC was in the home in 11 cases at the time of recommendation. The amount of AC administered was a mean of 12.1 g (standard deviation: 6.9) and a median of 12 g. Eight children (6.9%) who were treated at home vomited after AC versus 3 (13%) who received ED treatment. No aspirations or complications occurred.Conclusion. AC can be administered successfully by the lay public in the home. Home use of AC significantly reduces the time to AC administration. Pediatrics 2001; 108(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 108/6/e100; activated charcoal, home treatment, children.ABBREVIATIONS. AC, activated charcoal; GI, gastrointestinal; ED, emergency department.A ctivated charcoal (AC) is recognized as the treatment of choice for gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination after many ingestions. 1,2 Recognition of AC's superior efficacy over syrup of ipecac has led to suggestions of administration of AC in the home. [3][4][5] However, use in the home has not gained wide acceptance because of concern that it would not be administered properly by the untrained lay public and that many children would refuse to take AC. This concern has generated considerable speculation but little evidence that AC utility in the home is limited by these problems. Previous descriptions of home administration reported mixed results. 6,7 In 1996, the Kentucky Regional Poison Center began to advise parents of small children to stock AC in the home for use in the event of an unintentio...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Administration of Activated Charcoal in the Home

Spiller¹,

Rodgers²

2001

Pediatrics

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“…Carbons derived from phenolic resin were studied as these have the advantage that their structure is derived from the interconnected voids between the primary resin particles and can be precisely controlled to give a mean macropore size (450 nm) and very high permeability. For targeting cytokine molecules the mesoporosity (2-50 nm pore size) can then be influenced by the degree of activation either by steam or CO 2 [15,16]. The primary particle adsorptive capacity was then compared to that of the three-dimensional (3D) carbon matrix, with a view to developing a combined, carbon-based filtration/adsorbent device, with superior adsorption characteristics for direct blood purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro adsorption of cytokines by polymer-pyrolysed carbon

et al. 2006

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“…The rate of these changes depends on molecular diffusion and binding affinity of the molecules to the surface. Adsorption of polymers depends on their molecular size, charge distribution, solubility, and intermolecular interactions as well as on the solvation-desolvation effects on the adsorption, adsorptiongoverns the adlayer structure with time [2][3][4][5] at artificial surfaces (e.g., endovascular stents) in the body or the structure of the interfaces of administrated enterosorbents such as fumed silica [6] and activated carbons [7]. Real-time observation of the interfacial phenomena involving macromolecules is a difficult task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%