Voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channels in presynaptic terminals initiate the Ca 2ϩ inflow necessary for transmitter release. At a variety of synapses, multiple Ca 2ϩ channel subtypes are involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity. However, it is unknown whether presynaptic Ca 2ϩ channels differ in gating properties and whether they are differentially activated by action potentials or subthreshold voltage signals. We examined Ca 2ϩ channels in hippocampal mossy fiber boutons (MFBs) by presynaptic recording, using the selective blockers -agatoxin IVa, -conotoxin GVIa, and SNX-482 to separate P/Q-, N-, and R-type components. Nonstationary fluctuation analysis combined with blocker application revealed a single MFB contained on average ϳ2000 channels, with 66% P/Q-, 26% N-, and 8% R-type channels. Whereas both P/Q-type and N-type Ca 2ϩ channels showed high activation threshold and rapid activation and deactivation, R-type Ca 2ϩ channels had a lower activation threshold and slower gating kinetics. To determine the efficacy of activation of different Ca 2ϩ channel subtypes by physiologically relevant voltage waveforms, a six-state gating model reproducing the experimental observations was developed. Action potentials activated P/Q-type Ca 2ϩ channels with high efficacy, whereas N-and R-type channels were activated less efficiently. Action potential broadening selectively recruited N-and R-type channels, leading to an equalization of the efficacy of channel activation. In contrast, subthreshold presynaptic events activated R-type channels more efficiently than P/Q-or N-type channels. In conclusion, single MFBs coexpress multiple types of Ca 2ϩ channels, which are activated differentially by subthreshold and suprathreshold presynaptic voltage signals.