Activation of Platelet Coagulant Activities by Formalin

Pfueller, Sharron L.; Hosseinzadeh, Pari; Firkin, Barry G.; Howard, Margaret A.; Hendrix, Lyne E.; Booth, Pamela

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1646724

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Others have found that the urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TxB 2 is enhanced in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia (17), and that the release of platelet specific products, such as platelet factor 4 and -thromboglobulin ( TG), may be elevated in hyperlipidemic individuals (12,16,18). However, measurements of circulating platelet aggregates have been criticized for the use of formaldehyde in the fixation process (19), and assessments of platelet release products in plasma are very sensitive to sampling and sample handling techniques (20,21). Moreover, bleeding time measures the interaction between platelets and the vessel wall, rather than platelet function per se.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Activity In Vivo in Hyperlipoproteinemia – Importance of Combined Hyperlipidemia

Bröijersén

Hamsten²,

Eriksson³

et al. 1998

Thromb Haemost

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryPlatelet hyperactivity in vitro is found in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia. It is, however, less well established if platelet activity in vivo is enhanced, and if there are differences between various types of hyperlipoproteinemia.Platelet function in vivo was studied at rest and during mental stress in men with isolated hypercholesterolemia (phenotype IIa; n = 21) or combined hyperlipidemia (phenotype IIb; n = 29), and age-matched normolipidemic controls (n = 41). The urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 was elevated in patients compared to controls (IIa, p <0.05; IIb, p <0.001), and higher in type IIb than in IIa patients (p <0.05). Platelet secretion, assessed as plasma β-thromboglobulin levels, was higher in type IIb patients compared to controls (p <0.01) and type IIa patients (p <0.05) during mental stress. The urinary excretion of β-thromboglobulin was also elevated in type IIb patients compared to controls (p <0.05). Platelet aggregability at rest, as measured by filtragometry ex vivo was, however, reduced in both patient groups compared to controls (p <0.05). No correlations were found between plasma lipoprotein levels and markers of platelet function in vivo. Type IIb patients had higher plasma fibrinogen levels and higher leukocyte counts than controls (p <0.05 and p <0.001) and type IIa patients (p <0.05 and p = 0.06). Thromboxane excretion was positively related to fibrinogen levels and leukocyte counts (p <0.01 for both). Preliminary data regarding serum TNF-α also indicated an elevation of this inflammatory cytokine in type IIb patients (p <0.05 vs controls).In conclusion, thromboxane generation and platelet secretion in vivo are enhanced in patients with hypercholesterolemia, and particularly so among patients with concomitant elevation of plasma triglycerides. The mechanism is unknown, but inflammatory mediators may be involved. The present findings are of interest in relation to the role of triglycerides in coronary artery disease.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Activity In Vivo in Hyperlipoproteinemia – Importance of Combined Hyperlipidemia

Bröijersén

Hamsten²,

Eriksson³

et al. 1998

Thromb Haemost

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Relevant species differences in both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways have also been found when comparing humans, cows, goats and pigs (Mizuno et al 2017). It has been proposed that formalin activates platelets and enhances primary haemostasis (Pfueller et al 1978). As such, species variations may play a role, although its significance remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make it a buffered solution at a specified pH, a salt such as sodium phosphate is added to the solution (Fox et al 1985). It has been proposed that intravenous formalin enhances primary haemostasis through activation of platelets (Ali and Abdus 1973;Pfueller et al 1978). One of the oldest reports of its clinical use was in 1943 and included two cases: one being a mare with epistaxis secondary to guttural pouch disease and another that bled after resection of granulation tissue on the forearm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous formalin for treatment of haemorrhage in horses

Moreno

Delph

Beard

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is limited information in the literature regarding the clinical use of formalin for the treatment of haemorrhage in horses. This uncontrolled retrospective study summarises 11 cases that were treated with intravenous formalin at the Veterinary Health Center at Kansas State University from 2009 to 2019. The objective of this study was to describe signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of horses treated with intravenous formalin for potentially life-threatening haemorrhagic conditions. This study does not attempt to prove efficacy of intravenous formalin, but rather to report its clinical use and the associated details of those cases. Horses ranged in age from 2 to 23 years old. There were nine Quarter Horses, one Thoroughbred and one Appaloosa. Treated conditions included haemoabdomen (4/11), uterine haemorrhage (1/ 11), epistaxis (3/11), haemorrhage secondary to a mandibular laceration (2/11) and haemothorax (1/11). The most utilised dose was 0.476% formalin (50 mL 10% neutral buffered formalin diluted in 1 L of isotonic fluid). Some horses were also treated with aminocaproic acid, Yunnan Baiyao, whole blood transfusions and surgery. Ten out of the 11 horses survived to discharge with one horse reported by the owner to have died 2 weeks later of an unknown cause.

show abstract

“…The 3 horses from the University of Illinois were treated with slow intravenous infusion of 16 mL 10% buffered formalin in 45 mL saline. Formalin is thought to induce primary hemostasis through enhanced endothelial or platelet activation 20,21 . The use of formalin to control profuse hemorrhage in horses was first reported by Roberts in 1943, 22 and there is much anecdotal testimony to support its use in horses for this purpose 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formalin is thought to induce primary hemostasis through enhanced endothelial or platelet activation. 20,21 The use of formalin to control profuse hemorrhage in horses was first reported by Roberts in 1943, 22 and there is much anecdotal testimony to support its use in horses for this purpose. 23 Formalin had been used successfully in humans for control of rectal hemorrhage in association with pelvic malignancies, malignant ulcers, and hemorrhagic cystitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%