Activation of postganglionic neurones via non-nicotinic synaptic mechanisms by stimulation of thin preganglionic axons

Jänig, Wilfrid; Krauspe, R.; Wiedersatz, G.

doi:10.1007/bf00582603

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The ‘regular’ pathway provides resting tone, is strongly activated by baroreceptor unloading and communicates with ganglion cells by conventional nicotinic transmission (Henderson and Ungar, 1978; Jänig, 1995). By contrast, the ‘accessory’ preganglionic pathway may not drive much basal tone, but it is strongly stimulated by arterial chemoreceptors and can activate vasoconstrictor pathways by non-nicotinic transmission (Henderson and Ungar, 1978; Jänig et al, 1983, 1984). Physiologically, when nicotinic transmission is intact, non-nicotinic actions are likely to provide excitatory modulation rather than direct drive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peptidergic actions were inferred (Jänig, 2006). In both cases the action was specific to vasoconstrictor pathways (muscle, cutaneous), and did not affect non-cardiovascular pathways (pilomotor, sudomotor) (Blumberg and Janig, 1983; Jänig et al, 1984). Intriguingly, these putative peptidergic actions may be driven by central and preganglionic pathways that are functionally distinct from those carrying most ongoing vasomotor tone (Henderson and Ungar, 1978; Janig et al, 1983; Jänig, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…(Bachoo et al, 1987). In vasomotor pathways no such peptide has yet been identified, but it has been sought to account for two findings: 1) ganglionic transmission that survives ganglionic blockade with both hexamethonium and atropine (Jänig et al, 1982, 1984); 2) potentiation of ongoing ganglionic transmission for tens of minutes after stimulation of a cut white ramus (Blumberg and Janig, 1983). Peptidergic actions were inferred (Jänig, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Coding for Cardiovascular Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons in Rats

et al. 2010

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Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is present in a subset of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat. We examined the distribution of CART-immunoreactive terminals in rat stellate and superior cervical ganglia and adrenal gland and found that they surround neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive postganglionic neurons and noradrenergic chromaffin cells. The targets of CARTimmunoreactive preganglionic neurons in the stellate and superior cervical ganglia were shown to be vasoconstrictor neurons supplying muscle and skin and cardiac-projecting postganglionic neurons: they did not target non-vasoconstrictor neurons innervating salivary glands, piloerector muscle, brown fat, or adrenergic chromaffin cells. Transneuronal tracing using pseudorabies virus demonstrated that many, but not all, preganglionic neurons in the vasoconstrictor pathway to forelimb skeletal muscle were CART immunoreactive. Similarly, analysis with the confocal microscope confirmed that 70% of boutons in contact with vasoconstrictor ganglion cells contained CART, whereas 30% did not. Finally, we show that CART-immunoreactive cells represented 69% of the preganglionic neuron population expressing c-Fos after systemic hypoxia. We conclude that CART is present in most, although not all, cardiovascular preganglionic neurons but not thoracic preganglionic neurons with non-cardiovascular targets. We suggest that CART immunoreactivity may identify the postulated "accessory" preganglionic neurons, whose actions may amplify vasomotor ganglionic transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Coding for Cardiovascular Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons in Rats

et al. 2010

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“…A non-nicotinic synaptic mechanism mediating relaxation of the stomach on vagal stimulation has been reported (Beani, Bianchi & Crema, 1971); similarly a non-nicotinic synaptic mechanism between non-myelinated preganglionic axons and post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones has been described, where the discharge in post-ganglionic neurones evoked by stimulation of non-myelinated preganglionic fibres continued for up to 40 s after stimulation had ceased (Janig, Krauspe & Wiedersatz, 1982). A variety of other effects mediated by non-nicotinic synaptic mechanisms in the autonomic nervous system have been described (see Dun, 1980 for references).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of electrical stimulation of myelinated and non‐myelinated vagal fibres on heart rate in the rabbit.

Ford¹,

McWilliam²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The bradyeardia evoked by electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of the rabbit vagus nerve is mediated by both myelinated and non-myelinated fibres.2. Stimulation of myelinated fibres at 5 Hz for 20 s resulted in a fall in heart rate from a control value of 204 + 1-3 to 182 + 1-2 beats min-1 (means + S.E. of means). On stimulation of both myelinated and non-myelinated fibres, heart rate fell to 169 + 2 1 beats min-1. Heart rate returned rapidly to control value following stimulation of myelinated fibres but only slowly after stimulation of both myelinated and non-myelinated fibres. Thus recruitment of non-myelinated fibres increased both the magnitude and duration of the bradyeardia.3. Atropine abolished all effects ofvagal stimulation on heart rate. Hexamethonium abolished the effect of myelinated fibres on heart rate; however, recruitment of non-myelinated fibres still produced a bradyeardia.4. It is suggested that the prolonged effect following stimulation of non-myelinated fibres may reflect the persistent action of a non-cholinergic excitatory transmitter at the ganglion.

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“…When ganglionic transmission is examined experimentally after nicotinic blockade, non‐nicotinic aspects of ganglionic transmission may be brought into prominence. Wilfrid Jänig and colleagues studied these mechanisms in a series of experiments on anaesthetized cats, starting in the late 1970s 5–7 …”

Section: Evidence For Non‐nicotinic Ganglionic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neglected ‘Accessory’ Vasomotor Pathway: Implications for Blood Pressure Control

McAllen

Allen

Bratton

2005

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. Distinct from 'regular' sympathetic preganglionic neurons, there exists a population of 'accessory' preganglionic neurons. The latter are distinguishable by their unmyelinated axons and their different functional properties. They synapse on the same ganglion cells. 2. Ongoing sympathetic activity is driven by 'regular' preganglionic neurons. 3. 'Accessory' preganglionic neurons drive hexamethonium-resistant ganglionic transmission: part of this is muscarinic and part not (possibly peptidergic or nitrergic). 4. 'Accessory' preganglionic neurons supply cardiovascular (vasomotor, cardiac, adrenal), but apparently not other, sympathetic pathways. 5. 'Accessory' preganglionic neurons are activated by arterial chemoreceptors. 6. Brief activation of 'accessory' preganglionic neurons potentiates ongoing post-ganglionic activity for tens of minutes by an action at the ganglion. This is probably by enabling previously subthreshold excitatory post-synaptic potentials to trigger action potentials. 7. Evidence is presented that microinjections of GABA into the rostral ventrolateral medulla activate the 'accessory' pathway while inhibiting the 'regular' pathway. 8. A role for this 'accessory' pathway in the long-term control of blood pressure in health and disease is predicted, but still untested.

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Activation of postganglionic neurones via non-nicotinic synaptic mechanisms by stimulation of thin preganglionic axons

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Chemical Coding for Cardiovascular Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons in Rats

Chemical Coding for Cardiovascular Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons in Rats

The effects of electrical stimulation of myelinated and non‐myelinated vagal fibres on heart rate in the rabbit.

A Neglected ‘Accessory’ Vasomotor Pathway: Implications for Blood Pressure Control

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