Activation reduction following an eccentric contraction impairs torque steadiness in the isometric steady-state

Mazara, Nicole; Hess, Adam; Chen, Jackey; Power, Geoffrey A.

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.05.001

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The ankle complex, including the talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint, is the last joint before contact with the ground and thus represents the final opportunity for adjustments to be made to maintain an upright stance. The crucial role that ankle complex proprioception plays in balance control, daily activities, and mobility has been widely acknowleged 11, 12, 13, 14. Accordingly, scores for ankle-complex proprioception across the human lifespan can provide a normative base against which the proprioceptive status of pediatric and gerontology populations can be compared and, thus, can facilitate the evaluation of interventions designed to improve ankle proprioception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in proprioception of the ankle complex across the lifespan

Yang

Waddington

Adams

et al. 2019

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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HighlightsAnkle-complex proprioception progressed from a lower level in childhood to its highest in young adulthood.Ankle-complex proprioceptive sensitivity reached its peak later than the auditory and visual acuity peak.The least sensitive ankle-complex proprioceptive ability was found in people older than 75 years of age.From young to old adulthood, ankle-complex proprioception was negatively correlated with age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in proprioception of the ankle complex across the lifespan

Yang

Waddington

Adams

et al. 2019

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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“…Several studies have reported AR and concluded that neuromuscular efficiency following active muscle stretch is increased, which might be explained by enhanced passive forces due to increased titin forces (Oskouei & Herzog, 2005;Altenburg et al, 2008;Seiberl et al, 2012;Joumaa & Herzog, 2013;Jones, Power & Herzog, 2016;Mazara et al, 2018;Paquin & Power, 2018). However, Paquin & Power (2018) also found a rightward shift in the EMGtorque relationship following active stretch compared with fixed-end reference conditions, which indicates that the neuromuscular activation strategy might be altered in the presence of rFE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…AR refers to a reduced muscle activity level needed to maintain a given force/torque following active muscle stretch compared with fixed-end contractions at the same final muscle length. Several studies have reported AR and concluded that neuromuscular efficiency after active muscle stretch is increased, which might in part be explained by enhanced passive forces due to increased titin stiffness (Altenburg et al, 2008; Jones et al, 2016, 2016; Mazara et al, 2018; Oskouei and Herzog, 2005; Paquin and Power, 2018; Seiberl et al, 2012). However, Paquin and Power (2018) also found a rightward shift in the EMG-torque relationship following active stretch compared with fixed-end reference conditions, which indicates that rFE might alter the neuromuscular activation strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticospinal excitability remains unchanged in the presence of residual force enhancement and does not contribute to increased torque production

Frischholz

Raiteri

Hahn

2020

Preprint

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23Following active muscle stretch, a muscle's force capacity is increased, which is known as 24 residual force enhancement (rFE). As earlier studies found modulations of cortical excitability 25 in the presence of rFE, this study aimed to test whether corticospinal drive contributes to rFE. 26 Fourteen participants performed submaximal plantar flexion stretch-hold and fixed-end 27 contractions at 30% of their maximal voluntary soleus muscle activity in a dynamometer. 28 During the steady state of the contractions, participants either received subthreshold or 29 suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of their motor cortex while triceps 30 surae muscle responses to stimulation were obtained by electromyography (EMG) and net 31 plantar flexion torque was recorded. B-mode ultrasound imaging was used to confirm muscle 32 stretch during stretch-hold contractions in a subset of participants. Following stretch of the 33 plantar flexors, an average rFE of 7% and 11% was observed for contractions with 34 subthreshold and suprathreshold TMS, respectively. 42-46 milliseconds following 35 subthreshold TMS, triceps surae muscle activity was suppressed by 19-24%, but no difference 36 in suppression was found between contraction conditions. Similarly, the reduction in plantar 37 flexion torque following subthreshold TMS was not different between contraction conditions. 38Motor evoked potentials, silent periods and superimposed twitches following suprathreshold 39 stimulations were also not different between contraction conditions. As stimulations of the 40 motor cortex by TMS did not result in any differences between stretch-hold and fixed-end 41 contractions, we conclude that corticospinal drive does not contribute to the increased torque 42 production in the presence of rFE following active muscle stretch. 43 44 New & Noteworthy 45 This study tested whether corticospinal drive contributes to the increased torque capacity in 46 the presence of rFE. Through subthreshold and suprathreshold TMS of the motor cortex, 47 51 52 Keywords: eccentric contraction, active muscle stretch, neural control, cortical excitability, 53 torque enhancement 54 55It is well known that stretch of an active muscle results in increased force production during 56 the isometric steady state following stretch compared with the steady-state force produced at 57 the same muscle length and activation level during a fixed-end contraction. This is referred to 58 as residual force enhancement (rFE), which was initially investigated in situ (Abbott and 59 Aubert, 1952) and in isolated muscle fibres (Edman et al., 1982). Edman et al. (1982) 60 suggested that rFE after active muscle stretch results from non-uniformities in sarcomere 61 lengths. Since then, a variety of studies have investigated the development of rFE and 62 suggested additional potential underlying mechanisms. These suggestions include stretch-63 induced increases in the number of attached cross-bridges, an increase in the average cross-64 bridge force and/or the attachment...

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“…1 Following active muscle lengthening, a given submaximal isometric force can be achieved with less neuromuscular activation than before the lengthening stimulus. 2 , 3 , 4 This activation reduction during submaximal contractions ranges from 7%–25% 2 and has been observed across multiple muscles and muscle groups, such as the adductor policis brevis, 3 , 5 , 6 tibialis anterior, 4 , 7 plantar flexors, 8 , 9 , 10 knee extensors, 11 and elbow flexors. 12 Some studies have reported differences in the control of isometric force between conditions that require the subject either to hold a rigid load or to hold an equivalent inertial load in the same anatomical position (i.e., position task) but in free space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual force enhancement due to active muscle lengthening allows similar reductions in neuromuscular activation during position- and force-control tasks

Marion

Power

2020

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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Highlights The history of dependence of force is known to increase a muscle's force-producing capacity following active lengthening (residual torque enhancement) (rTE) compared with a fixed-end isometric contraction at the same muscle length. Despite marked differences in neuromuscular activation during force-matching and position-matching tasks, the implications of rTE during position tasks on activation reduction has not yet been explored. In the rTE state, activation reduction was present for both force- and position-matching tasks. rTE is a feature of controlling a positional contraction, which better represents various tasks of daily living as compared with a force-matching isometric contraction.

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Activation reduction following an eccentric contraction impairs torque steadiness in the isometric steady-state

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Age-related changes in proprioception of the ankle complex across the lifespan

Age-related changes in proprioception of the ankle complex across the lifespan

Corticospinal excitability remains unchanged in the presence of residual force enhancement and does not contribute to increased torque production

Residual force enhancement due to active muscle lengthening allows similar reductions in neuromuscular activation during position- and force-control tasks

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