Active community surveillance of the impact of different tuberculosis control measures, Tiruvallur, South India, 1968–2001

Abstract

Following DOTS implementation, prevalence of culture-positive tuberculosis decreased rapidly following a gradual decline for the previous 30 years. In the absence of a large HIV epidemic and with relatively low levels of rifampicin resistance, DOTS was associated with rapid reduction of tuberculosis prevalence.

Incidence of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Coincident Filarial and/or Intestinal Helminth Infections Followed Longitudinally in South India

“…Subjects were from broadly similar socio-demographic backgrounds, and stringent criteria were used for the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB. In 1999 Directly Observed Treatment, Shortcourse (DOTS) strategy was implemented in the area of study after which the rates of culture-positive and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 11.9 and 5.6% respectively in the first 2.5 years [14] Thereafter, there has been a decrease of incident TB cases in this area with rates of approximately 3-4 cases/1000 reported for every 2.5 year follow-up period. These reported rates are also consistent with incident TB cases reported in Tamil Nadu overall [15]…”

“…All subjects were eventually treated after the MDA program was rolled out after 2007 in the study area [43]. Subjects were also not tested for HIV status but the prevalence of HIV among subjects with tuberculosis is <1% in this area[14] and therefore less likely to be a significant confounder. Despite these limitations, we believe our study provides important information on incident TB rates between groups with or without helminth infection at baseline.…”

Lives saved by tuberculosis control and prospects for achieving the 2015 global target for reducing tuberculosis mortality

“…In Peru, improved TB case-finding and treatment following the introduction of 26 The impact of DOTS on the number of incident or prevalent TB cases has been demonstrated in China, 27 Cuba, 28 southern India 29 and Morocco. 30 Our results show that while TBattributable mortality will be halved by 2015 among HIV− people, it will not be halved among HIV+ people at current rates of decline.…”

Mycobacterium tuberculosisGenotype and Case Notification Rates, Rural Vietnam, 2003–2006

“…Introduced in the early 1990s, the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy is an essential component of the Global Stop TB Strategy and regarded as a highly cost-effective method for controlling the TB epidemic ( 2 ). In addition, the DOTS strategy has resulted in decreased numbers of TB cases in Peru, parts of the People’s Republic of China, India, and Indonesia ( 3 – 6 ) a few years after those countries met the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO), which are to detect > 70% and cure > 85% of smear-positive TB cases ( 7 ). …”

“…Conversely, the DOTS strategy has had a limited effect (no decrease in numbers of TB cases) in other regions, such as the former Soviet Union and sub-Saharan Africa ( 3 , 8 ). In Vietnam, TB case notification rates (CNRs) have not decreased since 1997 when the National TB Control Program reached WHO goals ( 1 , 9 ).…”