Active components from Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) for protection of amyloid β(25–35)-induced neuritic atrophy in cultured rat cortical neurons

Abstract

Not only neuronal death but also neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss underlie the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as direct causes of the memory deficit. Extracts of Siberian ginseng (the rhizome of Eleutherococcus senticosus) were shown to have protective effects on the regeneration of neurites and the reconstruction of synapses in rat cultured cortical neurons damaged by amyloid β (Aβ)(25-35), and eleutheroside B was one of the active constituents. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of constituents was conducted to explore active components from Siberian ginseng which can protect against neuritic atrophy induced by Aβ(25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions from the methanol extract of Siberian ginseng showed protective effects against Aβ-induced neuritic atrophy. Twelve compounds were isolated from the active fractions and identified. Among them, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin showed obvious protective effects against Aβ(25-35)-induced atrophies of axons and dendrites at 1 and 10 μM.

Isofraxidin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and inhibited TNF-α production in LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro via the MAPK pathway

“…It was confirmed that IF can interact with human serum albumin through the use of a fluorescence method in combination with Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy techniques [23]. IF is one of the active compounds in Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), a plant that is strongly protective against amyloid β (25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy in cultured rat cortical neurons [24]. IF has inhibitory effects on iNOS protein expression and NO generation.…”

Neuroprotection or neurotoxicity? new insights into the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus harms on nervous system through cerebral metabolomics analysis

“…Numerous reports have addressed that AS could also exert therapeutic effects against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (Li et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2012) and Alzheimer's disease (Xu et al, 2008). AS contains various bioactive components (WHO, 2004), which could protect PC12 cells against neurotoxin damage (Lu et al, 2011), and ameliorate neuritic atrophy induced by amyloid beta (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) in cultured rat cortical neurons (Bai et al, 2011).…”

Genetic and chemical diversity of Eleutherococcus senticosus and molecular identification of Siberian ginseng by PCR-RFLP analysis based on chloroplast trnK intron sequence

“…17406004 in 2005-2007 and No. 21406004 in 2009-2011 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, by a grant (KH31025, KHB1005) from the Japan Health Sciences Foundation, and by Expansion Program, Regional Innovation Cluster Program, Global Type (II) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.…”

“…Moreover, the major constituents such as eleutheroside B (EB) had anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects, NGF-like effect in cultured PC12 cell (Davydov & Krikorian, 2000;Tasugi et al, 1985;Yamazaki, Hirota, Chiba, & Mohri, 1994), eleutheroside E (EE) possessed anti-stress and anti-fatigue effects, inhibition of gastric ulcer, and NGF-like effect in cultured PC12 cell (Davydov & Krikorian, 2000;Fujikawa, Yamaguchi, Morita, Takeda, & Nishibe, 1996;Nishibe, Inoshita, Takeda, & Okano, 1990;Yamazaki et al, 1994) and isofraxidin (IF) had antidepressant activity et al (Chen & Liu, 1991;Davydov & Krikorian, 2000). Our previous study showed that the water and methanol extracts of SG had trophic and benefit effects on neurite outgrowth, synapse formation and neuronal protection in in vitro assay system for Alzheimer's disease, and eleutheroside B was one of the active constituents (Bai, Tohda, Zhu, Hattori, & Komatsu, 2011;Tohda et al, 2008). These evidences have corroborated the usefulness and benefits of SG.…”