Active compounds and biological activity of in vitro cultures of some Echinacea purpurea varieties

Abstract

Background: Plant cell cultures have developed rapidly in recent years for the synthesis of selected natural products. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of yeast extract, jasmonic acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine on total caffeic acid and polysaccharide production in callus cultures of two Echinacea varieties, namely Double Decker and Rubinstern. The biological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities) of different Echinacea extracts were also evaluated. Results: Data revealed the effect of yeast extract on calli of the two varieties. Double Decker calli recorded maximum caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugars after 30 days of cultivation using 1.5 g/l and 1.0 g/l yeast extract respectively whereas, in Rubinstern calli, the maximum caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugars were recorded at 1.0 g/l after 30 days. Using 50 mM jasmonic acid, Double Decker calli recorded maximum values of caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugars after 15 days. In Rubinstern calli, caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugar recorded maximum values after 30 days at 200 mM jasmonic acid and after 15 days at 50 mM jasmonic acid, respectively. In Double Decker variety, caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugars recorded maximum values at 100 mg/l phenylalanine. Rubinstern calli recorded maximum value of caffeic acid derivatives at 100 mg/l phenylalanine and total hydrolysable sugars at 50 mg/l phenylalanine. As for tyrosine, maximum values of caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugars recorded at 150 mg/l with Double Decker calli. Rubinstern calli recorded maximum value of caffeic acid derivatives and total hydrolysable sugars at 150 and 50 mg/l tyrosine, respectively. The biological activities of the different Echinacea extracts showed that maximum antioxidant activity (89.2%) was recorded with Rubinstern calli. Also, the maximum value of cell death (78.2%) was observed with the extract of Rubinstern calli. For antibacterial activity, most extracts showed inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus growth. Conclusion: Both elicitors (yeast extract and jasmonic acid) and precursors (phenylalanine and tyrosine) have a clear effect on natural products of the two Echinacea varieties. The investigated Echinacea extracts (in vitro and in vivo plants and calli of the two varieties) showed moderate activity against tested microbial strains.

Differential induction of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in agitated micro-shoot cultures of Ajuga integrifolia Buch. Ham. ex D.Don with biotic elicitors

“…Al Khateeb et al ( 2017 ) reported enhanced phenolic production along with new phenolic compounds that were not initially present in control plants in micro-shoots of Rumex cyprius from 50 to 200 mg/L YE concentration in the medium. Elicitation with YE has successfully increased caffeic acid in Echinacea puprea callus cultures (Rady et al 2018 ), asiaticoside in Centella asiatica and plumbagin in Drosera burmanii whole plant cultures (Kim et al 2004 ; Putalun et al 2010 ) and mitragynine in shoot cultures of Mitragyna speciose (Wungsintaweekul et al 2012 ). Per our results, YE (50 and 100 mg/L) downregulated the apignenin production, while in the contrary, decreased the caffeic acid and apignenin accumulation in the presence of PE and YE in Phoenix dactylifera cell suspension cultures (Al-Khayri and Naik 2020 ).…”

Antioxidant Potential of Some Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Representatives

“…(Barnes et al, 2005). The study of different extracts of E. purpurea showed antioxidant activity of 89.2% (Rady et al, 2018). Stanisavljević et al (2009) found DPPH scavenging activity for ethanol extracts of E. purpurea 93.6% and antimicrobial activity.…”

Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3−/NH4+ ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics

“…Based on the effect of cultivation method on the caffeic acid derivatives content, which are essential substrates for production and biosynthesis of different immunological drugs, the previous researches showed that the total root content of caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid in open-field cultivation method were 4.35, 5.02, and 28.06 mg g −1 DW, respectively 41 . However, in vitro cultivation of E. purpurea in basal medium (MS-medium) with 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar showed the maximum 3.66 mg g −1 DW caffeic acid content 42 . Comparing of the obtained results in this study with previous researches indicates the efficiency of hydroponic cultivation system for increasing of caffeic acid derivatives of E. purpurea .…”