Active Compounds on Squid (Loligo sp.) Ink Extract Powder as Immunostimulant Candidate to Against Shrimp Disease

Affandi, Rangga Idris; Fadjar, Mohamad; Ekawati, Arning Wilujeng

doi:10.21776/ub.rjls.2019.006.03.1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Stress on shrimp in the environment, which came from pathogen, included virus stimulate THC to give response. Squid ink extract has antiviral substance such as alkaloid (betaine and choline) and cinnamic acid (carboxylic acid) can be used as immunostimulant and activated vaname shrimp haemocytes (Affandi, Fadjar, & Ekawati, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Curative impacts of squid (Loligosp.) ink extract on haemocyte, digestive enzymes andCypAgene expression of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white faeces syndrome (WFS)

et al. 2020

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Right now, high economical value shrimp species is vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Salinity gives impact to shrimp live, immunity and health. Stress from salinity shock will reduce shrimp health and production because of pathogen attack. White faeces syndrome (WFS) is a shrimp disease which frequently occured in an intensive farm. Fighting against WFS has been done with several methods, among other things by using ink extract as metabolite product of squid (Loligo sp.) because of its antibacterial content. To solve the problem, combination of ink extract with salinity treatments to CypA gene expression THC, DHC and digestibility of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) was investigated. The best treatment using squid ink extract was 27 ppt salinity for vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) against WFS, because it gave the highest SR (85.73%), increased protease until 378 × 10 −3 U/ml, amylase until 4.029 × 10 −3 unit/ml and lipase until 3.613 × 10 −3 unit/ml. and also non-specific immune, i.e. THC 11.89 × 10 6 cells/ml and DHC (hyaline was 39.09%, granular cell was 21.43% and semi-granular cell was 47.74%), while mutation (>1%) was happened in CypA gene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…extract has antiviral substance such as alkaloid (betaine and choline) and cinnamic acid (carboxylic acid) can be used as immunostimulant and activated vaname shrimp haemocytes (Affandi, Fadjar, & Ekawati, 2019).…”

Section: F I G U R E 7 Phylogeneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curative impacts of squid (Loligosp.) ink extract on haemocyte, digestive enzymes andCypAgene expression of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white faeces syndrome (WFS)

et al. 2020

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“…Squid ink powder contents alkaloid (Affandi et al, 2019), the largest group of secondary metabolites which are nitrogenbased and alkaline, some alkaloids have benefits in the treatment process. In addition, squid ink also contains fat and glycosaminoglycan.…”

Section: Bacterial Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Squid Powder (Loligo Sp.) On Antibody Titer and Bacteria Density in Blood of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila.

Fadjar

Sanoesi

Mintiya

et al. 2020

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Mohamad Fadjar, Ellana Sanoesi, Yoga Aris Mintya, Lukmanul Hakim. 2020. Effect of Squid Powder (Loligo Sp.) On Antibody Titer and Bacteria Density in Blood of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquacultura Indonesiana, 21 (1): 24 -31. Aeromonas hydrophila is bacterium that often infect freshwater fish and causes Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease. One alternative antibacterial that can be used is squid ink (Loligo sp.) which contains antibacterial substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of squid ink (Loligo sp.) on antibody titers and bacterial density in tilapia infected with A. hydrophila.This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of squid ink powder in feed at a dose of 52.5 ppm (A), 62.5 ppm (B) and 72.5 ppm (C), positive control (K+) using oxytetracycline ( 20 ppm) on feed and negative control (K-) without giving treatment to feed. The main parameters observed were bacterial density in the blood of tilapia (O. niloticus) and antibody titer. In addition to the main parameters, supporting parameters observed in this study included survival rate (SR), and measurements of water quality (temperature, DO and pH).The best dose in giving squid ink (Loligo sp.) powder in feed was 62.5 ppm (treatment B) because it surpressing bacterial density in the blood of tilapia (O. niloticus) until 1.66 x 10 5 cfu/mL, decreasing antibody titer from 26.67±09.24 % to 13.00±04.62 % and highest survival rate of 90.47%.

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“…could protect vaname shrimp from vibriosis (a bacterial disease caused by Vibrio sp.Flavonoids are essential in strengthening the immune system(Panche et al, 2016). Similar to avonoids, alkaloids increase non-speci c immune activity and can function as immunostimulants and antibacterial compounds(Andayani et al, 2018;Idris Affandi et al, 2019). Alkaloids increase the non-speci c immunity of shrimp by increasing the activity of macrophages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased non-specific immune activity of vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using a leaf flour mixture from Ocimum basilicum and Piper betle and their characteristic compounds

Harlina,

Rosmiati,

Hamdillah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Immunostimulants are more suitable for improving the health of shrimp than using drugs in the prevention of diseases. This study evaluated the efficacy of bioactive compounds from Ocimum basilicum and Piper betle in increasing the non-specific immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. Samples were collected directly from a traditional market. Shrimp was fed: O. basilicum leaf flour- and P. betle leaf flour-un-supplemented diet (P1), O. basilicum leaf flour (44.84 g/kg feed)-supplemented diet (P2), P. betle leaf flour (31.57 g/kg feed)-supplemented diet (P3), and O. basilicum leaf flour (22.42 g/kg feed)- and P. betle leaf flour (16.79 g/kg feed)-supplemented diet (P4). Phytochemical screening tests were conducted using commonly used chemical reagents, including Dragendorff, Meyer, and Liebermann-Burchard reagents. Supplementation with O. basilicum and P. betle (P4) significantly enhanced the shrimp’s immune response, namely the total hemocyte counts (THC), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and prophenoloxidase (proPO). The supplemented diet (P4) was synergistically able to improve shrimp health, with the highest values for THC (7.30 x 106 cells/mL), hyaline (61.33%), PA (84%), PI (2.19), and proPO (0.91). Flavonoids and alkaloids in the feed containing leaf flour from both plants were bioactive compounds suspected to be responsible for enhancing the immune response. These findings suggest that a leaf flour combination of O. basilicum and P. betle can be a new immunostimulant alternative to improve shrimp health for disease prevention.

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Active Compounds on Squid (Loligo sp.) Ink Extract Powder as Immunostimulant Candidate to Against Shrimp Disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Curative impacts of squid (Loligosp.) ink extract on haemocyte, digestive enzymes andCypAgene expression of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white faeces syndrome (WFS)

Curative impacts of squid (Loligosp.) ink extract on haemocyte, digestive enzymes andCypAgene expression of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white faeces syndrome (WFS)

Effect of Squid Powder (Loligo Sp.) On Antibody Titer and Bacteria Density in Blood of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila.

Increased non-specific immune activity of vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using a leaf flour mixture from Ocimum basilicum and Piper betle and their characteristic compounds

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