Active lighting applied to three-dimensional reconstruction of specular metallic surfaces by polarization imaging

Morel, Olivier; Stolz, Christophe; Mériaudeau, Fabrice; Gorria, Patrick

doi:10.1364/ao.45.004062

Cited by 120 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, linear optical polarizers are frequently utilized in lithography, [7,8] industrial vision, [9] microscopy, ellipsometry [10] or astronomic remote sensing systems. [11] All these applications substantially benefit from efficient nano-optical wire grid polarizers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Pushing the Application Limits of Wire Grid Polarizers further into the Deep Ultraviolet Spectral Range

Siefke

Kroker

Pfeiffer

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

386

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

defined polarization state is a key requirement in numerous photonic applications. For example, linear optical polarizers are frequently utilized in lithography, [7,8] industrial vision, [9] microscopy, ellipsometry [10] or astronomic remote sensing systems. [11] All these applications substantially benefit from efficient nano-optical wire grid polarizers.A wire grid polarizer (WGP) is a grating type metasurface (see Figure 1). The typical operation principle for such elements requires the transmittance of TM polarized light T TM (TM transversal magneticelectrical field orthogonal to the ridges) to be much larger than that of TE polarized light T TE (transversal electric-electrical field parallel to the ridges) to achieve a significant anisotropic filter functionality. Here, the extinction ratio E r = T TM /T TE is used to express the suppression of TE polarized light. [12] WGPs are highly beneficial because of large achievable element sizes (wafer size), compactness (wafer thickness), and large acceptance angles. [13] Furthermore, their nano-optical nature allows an easy integration into other (nano-)optical elements, such as litho graphy masks, [14] enabling local polarization control. Currently, applications advance toward shorter wavelengths in order to benefit from smaller foci and characteristic electronic transitions, which can be utilized for material analysis. While WGPs are well established in the VIS and IR, suitable ones were not available in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) spectral range until very recently. [12,15,16] The lack of applicable DUV WGPs originates from challenging requirements on both structure and material properties.A structural period of the polarizer has to fulfilling the zero order conditionto avoid propagation of diffraction orders greater than the zeroth one.[17] For a normal incidence of light (ϕ = 0°) with a wavelength λ in the DUV and a fused silica substrate with a refractive index n sub a period p in the order of 100 nm is necessary. Additionally, an aspect ratio (see Figure 1: ratio of height and ridge width) larger than five is typically required. [12] The simultaneous realization of large aspect ratio and small periods is technologically extremely challenging. Fortunately however, advances in nanotechnology do allow the fabrication of such structures. [18] Pelletier et al. [15] demonstrated aluminum WGPsWire grid polarizers (WGPs), periodic nano-optical metasurfaces, are convenient polarizing elements for many optical applications. However, they are still inadequate in the deep ultraviolet spectral range. It is shown that to achieve high performance ultraviolet WGPs a material with large absolute value of the complex permittivity and extinction coefficient at the wavelength of interest has to be utilized. This requirement is compared to refractive index models considering intraband and interband absorption processes. It is elucidated why the extinction ratio of metallic WGPs intrinsically humble in the deep ultraviolet, whereas wide bandgap semiconductors are superior materia...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Pushing the Application Limits of Wire Grid Polarizers further into the Deep Ultraviolet Spectral Range

Siefke

Kroker

Pfeiffer

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

386

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recently, Ngo et al [31] also used multiple-light polarization imaging. Garcia et al [17] used a circularly polarized light source to overcome the ambiguities while Morel et al [29] extended the methods of polarization to metallic surfaces by allowing for a complex index of refraction. Smith et al [45] assumed a known and constant refractive index and albedo but are able to pose the problem as a system of linear equations.…”

Section: Shape Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-sensitivity analysis of polarization by surface reflection

Atkinson

Ernst

2018

Machine Vision and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The exploitation of polarization information in the field of computer vision has become progressively more popular during the last few decades. This is primarily due to (1) the fact that polarization is a source of mostly untapped information for machine vision; (2) the relative computational ease by which geometrical information about a scene (e.g. surface normals) may be extracted from polarization data; and (3) the recent introduction of camera hardware able to capture polarization data in real time. The motivation for this paper is that a detailed quantitative study into the precision of polarization measurements with respect to expectation has yet to be performed. The paper therefore presents a detailed analysis and optimization of the key aspects of data capture necessary to acquire the most precise (as opposed to fast) results for the benefit of future research into the field of "polarization vision." The paper mainly focuses on a rotating polarizer method as this is shown to be the most accurate for high-sensitivity measurements. Commercial polarization cameras by contrast generally sacrifice precision for the benefit of much shorter capture times. That said, the paper reviews the state of the art in polarization camera technology and quantitatively evaluates the performance of one such camera: the Fraunhofer "POLKA."

show abstract

“…The polarization properties of light reflected from a surface depends on its granularity and therefore can help in distinguishing between materials with different surface properties [1]. Polarization sensitive imaging has been used in various fields that include medical diagnostics [3], industrial quality control [1,4], machine vision [5], remote sensing [6] and imaging through turbid medium (e.g. fog, turbid and colloidal solutions) [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast enhancement in polarimetric imaging with correlated noise fluctuations

Panigrahi¹,

Fade²,

Alouini³

2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We compare the measurement precision of a polarimetric camera to that of a simple intensity camera when imaging a partially polarized light-mark embedded in an intense and partially polarized background. We show that the gain in measurement precision while using a polarimetric camera is maximized when the noise fluctuations on the two polarimetric channels are significantly correlated. Further, we implement a snapshot polarimetric camera for long distance imaging of a highly polarized light source through fog and compare the contrast obtained using various representations of the polarimetric images. We show that the representation that provides the best contrast depends on the visibility conditions and matches well with theoretical predictions.

show abstract

Active lighting applied to three-dimensional reconstruction of specular metallic surfaces by polarization imaging

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Materials Pushing the Application Limits of Wire Grid Polarizers further into the Deep Ultraviolet Spectral Range

Materials Pushing the Application Limits of Wire Grid Polarizers further into the Deep Ultraviolet Spectral Range

High-sensitivity analysis of polarization by surface reflection

Contrast enhancement in polarimetric imaging with correlated noise fluctuations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About