Active oxygen intermediates in the degradation of hematoporphyrin derivative in tumor cells subjected to photodynamic therapy

Comparing the in vivo sonodynamic effects of dual- and single-frequency ultrasound in breast adenocarcinoma

“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that photochemically active porphyrins, such as Hp, induce significant cell damage when activated with ultrasound. Tumor growth was greatly inhibited in vivo by treatment with ultrasound after the administration of such porphyrins compared with ultrasound treatment alone [1,21,22].…”

Photodynamic Action Mechanism Mediated by Zinc(II) 2,9,16,23‐Tetrakis[4‐(N‐methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine in Candida albicans Cells

“…Therefore, azide ion should be located in the subcellular compartments close to the photosensitizer because O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) does not diffuse a great distance from its site of production. Also, to investigate the contribution of type I mechanism, mannitol was used as a free radical scavenger . Photocytotoxicity of C. albicans cells sensitized by ZnPPc 4+ was slight affected when mannitol was added to cells.…”

Hematoporphyrin derivative‐mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits tumor growth in human cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo

“…Main complications include sensitization to skin phototoxicity and acute cholangitis, which are usually correlated to higher doses of HPD or PDT. Reduced doses of HPD or PDT, increased cell apoptosis, and palliated local inflammatory reaction may be the ways to overcome these limitations 2,12,14 . Moreover, it has known that the mechanisms of cell over‐damage resulted from higher doses were not investigated fully.…”

“…Reduced doses of HPD or PDT, increased cell apoptosis, and palliated local inflammatory reaction may be the ways to overcome these limitations. 2,12,14 Moreover, it has known that the mechanisms of cell over-damage resulted from higher doses were not investigated fully. Therefore, we selected the most appropriate and effective dose of HPD and PDT to attempt to reveal the underlying mechanisms of cell growth inhibition.…”

“…The photoexcitation of HPD generates singlet oxygen which is suggested as the main damaging agent in PDT. The majority of signal transduction pathways, gene activation, and immunologic responses are also involved in hematoporphyrin derivative‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HPD‐PDT) 12–15 . However, the impacts of these events to treat CC and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly understood until now.…”