Active Specific Immunotherapy with Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccines Modified by Newcastle Disease Virus: Experimental and Clinical Studies

Human tumor cell modification by virus infection: an efficient and safe way to produce cancer vaccine with pleiotropic immune stimulatory properties when using Newcastle disease virus

“…Toxicity was mild, manifesting as flu-like symptoms and fevers of up to 38°C. [33][34][35] In the majority of treated patients skin responses were observed against the vaccine at the intradermal site of injection. In a significant proportion of patients, synergistic amplifying effects between the two components of the vaccine, ATV and NDV were seen in augmenting local skin reactivity.…”

Active Specific Immunotherapy – A New Modality of Cancer Treatment Involving the Patient’s Own Immune System

“…Sterility and other quality controls were included [31]. Results from phase I and II studies have been reported [20,31,32], The first evaluation of clinical response to adjuvant ASI treatment with autologous tumor cell vaccines modified by NDV infection (ATV-NDV) was done in colorectal cancer patients following resection of liver métastasés [33], In this high-risk group of patients, adjuvant chemotherapy has only limited success and 70-80% relapse within 5 years from the outgrowth of micro metastasis not detectable at the time of liver resection. The objective of the study was to investigate w'hether ASI influ ences (a) the immune response to autologous tumor cells and (b) the recurrence-free and overall survival of vaccinated pati ents compared with nonvaccinated matched controls.…”

“…The vaccine consists of freshly iso lated autologous intact tumor cells inactivated by irradiation and modified by coincubation with a small predetermined amount of NDV (Ulster). In various types of cancer patients, new protocols for postoperative ASI treatment were worked out in either 'adjuvant" or 'advanced disease" situations [20].…”

New Developments in the Virus Therapy of Cancer: A Historical Review

“…Schirrmacher in Heidelberg, Germany, ex tensively studied active tumor-specific immu notherapy with virally (NDV) modified tumor cells in mice, including athymic nude mice car rying human tumor cell implants, and con cluded that lymphokines and monokines were released, and recruitment of tumor specific T lympocytes occurred. Immunizations were most effective against micrometastases left be hind after removal of the primary tumor [78,79]. The nononcolytic Ulster strain of N DV was used to infect autologous colon carcinoma cells irradiated first with 200 Gy.…”