Active thrust sheet deformation over multiple rupture cycles: A quantitative basis for relating terrace folds to fault slip rates

Stockmeyer, Joseph M.; Shaw, John H.; Brown, Nathan D.; Rhodes, E. J.; Richardson, P.; Wang, Maomao; Lavin, Leore C.; Guan, Shuwei

doi:10.1130/b31590.1

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…With the new dates presented here and the terrace ages reported by Poisson (2002), Poisson & Avouac (2004), Lu et al (2010a), Gong et al (2014), Lu et al (2014) and Stockmeyer et al (2017), we can constrain recent fluvial incision by the Kuitun, Anjihai, Jingou and Manas Rivers in unprecedented detail. Entrenchment of the rivers Kuitun, Anjihai and Manas is each measured in a unique terrace flight (Fig.…”

Section: River Incision and Climate Since 30 Kamentioning

confidence: 60%

“…() and Stockmeyer et al . (), we can constrain recent fluvial incision by the Kuitun, Anjihai, Jingou and Manas Rivers in unprecedented detail. Entrenchment of the rivers Kuitun, Anjihai and Manas is each measured in a unique terrace flight (Fig.…”

Section: Pleistocene Climate and Aggradation–incision Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(); (8) Stockmeyer et al . (). (b) Climate sources: 1: δ 18 O values for the Central Asian record of the Kesang and Ton Caves; (9) Cheng et al .…”

Section: Pleistocene Climate and Aggradation–incision Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Along the northern piedmont (Fig. ), several parallel rows of east–southeast‐striking anticlines deform foreland sediments and absorb about 3 mm year −1 of shortening (Avouac et al ., ; Molnar et al ., ; Burchfiel et al ., ; Stockmeyer et al ., ). Structural sections and seismic profiles suggest that the thrust faults in the piedmont splay from a single detachment, characterised by ramps and flats, which roots southwards beneath the high range (Avouac et al ., ; Burchfiel et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Dengfa et al ., ; Stockmeyer et al ., ; Guan et al ., ).…”

Section: Geological Setting Of the North Piedmont Of The Eastern Tianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compiled all the chronological constraints available from the literature (Poisson, ; Poisson & Avouac, ; Lu et al ., , ; Gong et al ., ; Stockmeyer et al ., ) and complemented them with our own data based on luminescence dating. Location and results for the new samples are listed in Table and detailed descriptions of the sampling sites and the luminescence results are given in Appendix S1.…”

Section: Chronological Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lag and mixing during sediment transfer across the Tian Shan piedmont caused by climate‐driven aggradation–incision cycles

et al. 2017

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Transient sediment storage and mixing of deposits of various ages during transport across alluvial piedmonts alters the clastic sedimentary record. We quantify buffering and mixing during cycles of aggradation-incision in the north piedmont of the Eastern Tian Shan. We complement existing chronologic data with 20 new luminescence ages and one cosmogenic radionuclide age of terrace abandonment and alluvial aggradation. Over the last 0.5 Myrs, the piedmont deeply incised and aggraded many times per 100 kyr. Aggradation is driven by an increased flux of glacial sediment accumulated in the high range and flushed onto the piedmont by greater water discharge at stadialinterstadial transitions. After this sediment is evacuated from the high range, the reduced input sediment flux results in fluvial incision of the piedmont as fast as 9 cm/yr and to depths up to 330 m. The timing of incision onset is different in each river and does not directly reflect climate forcing but the necessary time for the evacuation of glacial sediment from the high range. A significant fraction of sediments evacuated from the high range is temporarily stored on the piedmont before a later incision Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.phase delivers it to the basin. Coarse sediments arrive in the basin with a lag of at least 7 to 14 kyrs between the first evacuation from the mountain and later basinward transport. The modern output flux of coarse sediments from the piedmont contains a significant amount of recycled material that was deposited on the piedmont as early as the Middle Pleistocene. Variations in temperature and moisture delivered by the Westerlies are the likely cause of repeated aggradation-incision cycles in the north piedmont instead of monsoonal precipitation. The arrival of the gravel front into the proximal basin is delayed relative to the fine-grained load and both are separated by a hiatus. This work shows, based on field observations and data, how sedimentary systems respond to climatic perturbations, and how sediment recycling and mixing can ensue.

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Section: River Incision and Climate Since 30 Kamentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Pleistocene Climate and Aggradation–incision Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(); (8) Stockmeyer et al . (). (b) Climate sources: 1: δ 18 O values for the Central Asian record of the Kesang and Ton Caves; (9) Cheng et al .…”

Section: Pleistocene Climate and Aggradation–incision Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Geological Setting Of the North Piedmont Of The Eastern Tianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronological Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lag and mixing during sediment transfer across the Tian Shan piedmont caused by climate‐driven aggradation–incision cycles

et al. 2017

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Blind Thrusting, Surface Folding, and the Development of Geological Structure in the M_w 6.3 2015 Pishan (China) Earthquake

et al. 2017

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The relationship between individual earthquakes and the longer‐term growth of topography and of geological structures is not fully understood, but is key to our ability to make use of topographic and geological data sets in the contexts of seismic hazard and wider‐scale tectonics. Here we investigate those relationships at an active fold‐and‐thrust belt in the southwest Tarim Basin, Central Asia. We use seismic waveforms and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to determine the fault parameters and slip distribution of the 2015 Mw6.3 Pishan earthquake—a blind, reverse‐faulting event dipping toward the Tibetan Plateau. Our earthquake mechanism and location correspond closely to a fault mapped independently by seismic reflection, indicating that the earthquake was on a preexisting ramp fault over a depth range of ∼9–13 km. However, the geometry of folding in the overlying fluvial terraces cannot be fully explained by repeated coseismic slip in events such as the 2015 earthquake nor by the early postseismic motion shown in our interferograms; a key role in growth of the topography must be played by other mechanisms. The earthquake occurred at the Tarim‐Tibet boundary, with the unusually low dip of 21°. We use our source models from Pishan and a 2012 event to argue that the Tarim Basin crust deforms only by brittle failure on faults whose effective coefficient of friction is ≤0.05 ± 0.025. In contrast, most of the Tibetan crust undergoes ductile deformation, with a viscosity of order 1020–1022 Pa s. This contrast in rheologies provides an explanation for the low dip of the earthquake fault plane.

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The characteristics of active deformation and strain distribution in the eastern Tian Shan

Rao

Qiu

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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The Tian Shan is one of the largest and most active intracontinental mountain belts, and its active deformation has attracted much scientific attention. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of active deformation in the most complex, eastern Tian Shan through the analysis of focal mechanism solutions since 1976, velocity vectors of 25 years geodetic measurements, and existing studies on active tectonics. The results demonstrate that: (a)~3.5 mm/year of convergence is accommodated by the southern Junggar fold-and-thrust belt, forming a series of active thrusts and folds. The Bolokelu-Aqikekuduke Fault is a transpressional structure, accommodating~1 mm/year shortening and~1.5 mm/year of right-lateral shear strain; (b) Most of the convergence in the Huola Shan region is absorbed by the North Luntai Fault, and the right-lateral shear strain is probably accommodated by the Kaidu River Fault and the Songshudaban Fault; (c) Active deformation in the eastern Tian Shan under oblique convergence is mainly partitioned into widespread compressional deformation (folding and thrusting) and dextral displacements on the NW-trending faults. Nevertheless, left-lateral strike-slip motions have also been observed, suggesting that further constraints on the kinematics and deformation rates of structures especially the intermontane structures are still needed with the aim of achieving a better understanding of strain distribution in the study area.

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Active thrust sheet deformation over multiple rupture cycles: A quantitative basis for relating terrace folds to fault slip rates

Cited by 17 publications

References 87 publications

Lag and mixing during sediment transfer across the Tian Shan piedmont caused by climate‐driven aggradation–incision cycles

Lag and mixing during sediment transfer across the Tian Shan piedmont caused by climate‐driven aggradation–incision cycles

Blind Thrusting, Surface Folding, and the Development of Geological Structure in the M_w 6.3 2015 Pishan (China) Earthquake

The characteristics of active deformation and strain distribution in the eastern Tian Shan

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Active thrust sheet deformation over multiple rupture cycles: A quantitative basis for relating terrace folds to fault slip rates

Cited by 17 publications

References 87 publications

Lag and mixing during sediment transfer across the Tian Shan piedmont caused by climate‐driven aggradation–incision cycles

Lag and mixing during sediment transfer across the Tian Shan piedmont caused by climate‐driven aggradation–incision cycles

Blind Thrusting, Surface Folding, and the Development of Geological Structure in the Mw 6.3 2015 Pishan (China) Earthquake

The characteristics of active deformation and strain distribution in the eastern Tian Shan

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Blind Thrusting, Surface Folding, and the Development of Geological Structure in the M_w 6.3 2015 Pishan (China) Earthquake