Actividad fungistática y fungicida de extractos etanólicos de propóleos sobre el crecimiento in vitro de cepas del género Candida

Abstract

Los extractos etanólicos del propóleos poseen actividad antifúngica en diferentes especies de levaduras, propiedad de importancia por ser una opción terapéutica económica y poco toxica respecto a los antimicóticos tradicionales, de particular utilidad sobre especies del complejo Candida albicans, patógeno oportunista. A pesar de que la composición química general del propóleos es similar en las distintas regiones del mundo, su actividad antifúngica no parece serlo. El objetivo fue determinar la actividad fungistática y fungicida de propóleos venezolano y de 3 regiones del mundo. Para ello cepas del Complejo C. albicans, C. guillermondi, C. krusei y C. tropicalis se enfrentaron a distintas concentraciones de extractos etanólicos de propóleos. Los propóleos de mayor actividad biológica fueron los de Alemania e Italia (10,2 mg/mL), seguidos por el de Venezuela (15,6 mg/mL) y España (18,8 mg/mL). La CMI en las especies más sensibles a los propóleos fueron C. krusei y C. guillermondii (8,6 mg/mL como promedio de los 4 propóleos). Los extractos etanólicos de propóleos italiano y alemán son fungicidas en todas las cepas estudiadas en diluciones de 1/32 (concentración final de 3,12 mg/dL). Se concluye que los extractos etanólicos de propóleos tienen efectos fungistáticos y fungicidas sobre las especies del Complejo C. albicans, C. krusei, C. guillermondii y C. tropicalis; que C. tropicalis es la especie más resistente a la acción biológica del propóleos y C. krusei y C. guillermondii las más sensibles; que los propóleos de Alemania e Italia son los más efectivos contra las especies de Candida aisladas de pacientes venezolanas.

Antifungal activity of propolis extract against Candida albicans in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis

“…The antifungal activity of propolis extract was evaluated against Candida albicans strains isolated from patients diagnosed with VVC; in the present investigation it was determined that propolis extract at a concentration of 50% showed antifungal activity on C. albicans strains. Studies by De La Cruz, 13 and Joya et al, 3 who used ethanolic extracts of propolis against strains of the fungal species in question, differed from the present study in that they did consider using higher and lower concentrations of the product. The above suggests that a key factor in the sensitivity of C. albicans is its chemical composition, which is represented by proteins and polysaccharides.…”

“…Candidiasis affects approximately 138 million women worldwide each year, and is the second most common type of vaginal infection. 1,2 Studies show that approximately 6000 women from different countries have a 9% prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and the likelihood of progression is high 3 ; about 75% of women experience an episode of VVC during their childbearing years; about 40-50% experience a second VVC infection, and 5-8% of adult women have four or more episodes per year. 4,5 The World Health Organization (WHO) considers C. albicans as one of the most recurrent causes of vaginal infections, because it is responsible for 80 to 92% of the cases of VVC.…”

Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Propolis from Native Bees (<i>Plebeia frontalis</i>) against Canine Distemper Virus

“…In the laboratory there are 27 samples from the same geographical area and harvested in April 2019, these samples are divided, number in parentheses, among the following species: Scaptotrigona mexicana (8), Nannotrigona perilampoides (5), Melipona beecheii (3), Scaptotrigona pectoralis (3), Partamona orizabensis (2), Plebeia melánica (1), Plebeia frontalis (2) and Plebeia sp (3). To carry out this study, the sample with the highest content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was chosen, so one of the propolis from Plebeia frontalis was used.…”

“…Propolis has a complex chemical composition and it varies according to the flora of its place of origin, the season at which recollection takes place, the type of vegetation, the bee species, and the geographical region. Several substances have been isolated from propolis: polysaccharide terpenes, aromatic acids, polyphenols, phenolic acids esters, minerals, vitamins and amino acids [3]. These substances give propolis several biological properties, such as: antifungal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic and antiviral [4] [5].…”