Activism in exile: how Russian environmentalists maintain voice after exit

A Russian Continuous Speech Recognition System Based on the DTW Algorithm under Artificial Intelligence

“…In terms of education training and job training, colleges and universities should do a good job in education ability training and job training for Russian teachers and fundamentally improve teachers' information-based teaching by building a good practice platform and collective training for teachers. In addition, it provides opportunities for teachers to communicate with relevant professionals in the course, so as to strengthen the training of teachers of public Russian courses and achieve the effective construction of Russian teaching faculty [8]. Prejob training for young and middleaged Russian teachers can be increased, as professional training for young teachers who are about to take the stage, learning basic teaching norms, understanding teaching requirements, and inviting old teachers to impart teaching experience.…”

How Exile Shapes Online Opposition: Evidence from Venezuela

“…First, moving abroad enables exiles to develop new relationships and audiences both among the broader diaspora and with foreign governments, civil society actors, and journalists (Adamson and Demetriou 2007; Brinkerhoff 2016). This “institutional acculturation” offers dissidents new opportunities for influence, or vertical voice (Brinkerhoff 2011; Henry and Plantan 2022; Hirschman 1978). With access to new international audiences and the ability to lobby their host-country governments, exiles acquire a new toolkit for opposition.…”

“…2 A large body of literature has examined diaspora activism abroad in diverse contexts including Shain (1988;1994;2002), Adamson and Demetriou (2007), Adamson (2013), Koinova and Karabegović (2019), Koinova (2014;, Girard and Grenier (2008), and Moss (2021). Henry and Plantan 2022;Koinova 2021). As exiles' networks become more international, it follows that the types of policies that they discuss and advocate for publicly should change to highlight and take advantage of the tools that are most readily available to them.…”

“…By forcing opponents from the country, exile internationalizes elites’ networks, strengthening their relationships with foreign audiences and opening new opportunities for international activism (Adamson and Demetriou 2007; Brinkerhoff 2016; Koinova 2021). It also removes them from day-to-day life in their home countries, making them less vulnerable to repression but also less directly connected to their domestic constituencies (Henry and Plantan 2022; McKeever 2020). Because of this, we argue that exile should fundamentally change activists’ strategies, including the types of policies and issues that they discuss publicly.…”

“…Going abroad means that exiles are socialized into new communities and have very different methods of activism available to them. For example, exiles may be particularly well placed to lobby their host-country governments, but they are less capable than in-country activists of participating in domestic political processes (Brinkerhoff 2011; 2016; Henry and Plantan 2022; Koinova 2021). As exiles’ networks become more international, it follows that the types of policies that they discuss and advocate for publicly should change to highlight and take advantage of the tools that are most readily available to them.…”