Activities of silymarin and its flavonolignans upon low density lipoprotein oxidizability in vitro

SummaryAntioxidant properties of ethanol extract of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seeds was investigated. We have also investigated the protein damage activated by oxidative Fenton reaction and its prevention by Silybum marianum seed extract. Antioxidant potential of Silybum marianum seed ethanol extract was measured using diff erent in vitro methods, such as lipid peroxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays. The extract signifi cantly decreased DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Protein damage induced by hydroxyl radicals was also effi ciently inhibited, which was confi rmed by the presence of protein damage markers, such as protein carbonyl formation and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The present study shows that milk thistle seeds have good DPPH free radical scavenging activity and can prevent lipid peroxidation. Therefore, Silybum marianum can be used as potentially rich source of antioxidants and food preservatives. The results suggest that the seeds may have potential benefi cial health eff ects providing opportunities to develop value-added products.

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“…The antioxidant eff ect is due to the modulation of pathways such as cell growth, apoptosis and diff erentiation (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Silybum marianum Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation

Serçe¹,

Toptancı²,

Tanrıkut³

et al. 2016

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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“…This causes impairments of liver function which can affect crucial cellular processes leading to hepatocellular injury [20,27]. It has been shown that silymarin protected against the CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity through scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species [13,22]. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties have been described (reviewed in [1]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective effect of oral application of a silymarin extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

et al. 2015

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Background: Silymarin derived from the milk thistle plant "Silybum marianum" is composed of four major flavonolignans. Clinical as well as experimental studies indicate hepatoprotective effects of silymarin. However, the underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral administration of a defined silymarin extract in the model of acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) induced liver injury. Methods: A single dose of a silymarin extract (SE; 20 or 100 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats by oral gavage. Subsequently, rats were injected with a single dose of CCl 4 (2 ml/kg body weight). Results: After 24h, analysis of liver to body weight ratio, serum levels of transaminases and histological analysis revealed a marked liver damage which was inhibited by SE in a dose dependent manner. CCl 4 -induced expressions of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic genes were significantly reduced in SE treated rats. Molecular analysis revealed that SE reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1, the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta as well as collagen I in isolated human hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which are the key effector cells of hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: Oral administration of the tested silymarin extract inhibited hepatocellular damage in a model of acute liver injury. Moreover, we newly found that the silymarin extract had direct effects on pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic gene expression in HSCs in vitro. This indicates that direct effects on HSC also contribute to the in vivo hepatoprotective effects of silymarin, and further promote its potential as anti-fibrogenic agent also in chronic liver disease.

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“…), is a mixture of flavonolignans including silybin, silychristin, isosilybin, silydianin, taxifolin, and various derivatives of these components (1)(2)(3). Silymarin as well as silybin, the main active component comprising about 33% of total silymarin weight (4), is used clinically as a hepatoprotector to treat liver injuries and chronic hepatitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin Glyceryl Monooleate/Poloxamer 407 Liquid Crystalline Matrices: Physical Characterization and Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

Lian

Lü

et al. 2011

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the seeds of milk thistle, is used clinically as a hepatoprotector to treat liver injuries and chronic hepatitis. However, its therapeutic effect is compromised by its poor oral bioavailability due to the poor solubility and low permeability across intestinal epithelia. The main purpose of this study was to prepare silymarin glyceryl monooleate/ poloxamer 407 liquid crystalline matrices (GMO/P407 LCM) to improve the oral bioavailability of silymarin. GMO/P407 LCMs were prepared by a melting/congealing method. The isotropic phenomenon observed under polarized light microscope confirmed the liquid crystalline structure at the junction of LCM and water. Both differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed disappearance of silymarin crystallinity after incorporation into the LCMs. In vitro release of silymarin from LCMs was limited, whereas LCMs were readily degraded by lipase and released silymarin quickly and completely. Pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs showed significantly increased peak concentration for silymarin GMO/P407 LCM, and, most importantly, a 3.46-fold increase in oral bioavailability as compared with Legalon®, a commercial silymarin formulation.

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Activities of silymarin and its flavonolignans upon low density lipoprotein oxidizability in vitro

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Silybum marianum Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation

Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Silybum marianum Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation

Hepatoprotective effect of oral application of a silymarin extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Silymarin Glyceryl Monooleate/Poloxamer 407 Liquid Crystalline Matrices: Physical Characterization and Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

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