Activities of Some Glycosaminoglycan- Degrading Enzymes in Wharton’s Jelly and Their Alteration in EPH-Gestosis (Pre-Eclampsia)

Romanowicz, Lech; Bańkowski, Edward; Sobolewski, Krzysztof; Jaworski, Stefan

doi:10.1159/000014154

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In pathological pregnancies, such as those with EPH gestosis (oedema-proteinuriahypertension), a premature change in the ratio between the glycosaminoglycans has also been observed. Such phenomena might be due to a change in the activities of some glycosidases that occur during the last weeks of gestation in the normal umbilical cord and earlier in the pathological one [11,12,14,[16][17][18]. Furthermore, glycosaminoglycans seem also to play a role in the different permeability of the two types of vessels [2].…”

Section: D-galactose-(ß1→3)-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lectin Binding in the Human Umbilical Cord from Normally Grown Pregnancies and from Pregnancies Complicated by Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation with Absent or Reversed Diastolic Flow

Sgambati

Brizzi²,

Marini³

et al. 2003

Neonatology

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The content and the distribution of the glycoconjugate sugar residues were investigated in the human umbilical cord from normally grown pregnancies and from pregnancies complicated by intra-uterine growth retardation with absent or reversed flow in the umbilical artery. The gestational age range was 29–41 weeks. For this purpose, a battery of eight horseradish peroxidase conjugated lectins was used (ConA, WGA, PNA, SBA, DBA, LTA, UEA I, and OOA; see text). Our data showed that in both study groups ConA, WGA and PNA (after neuraminidase digestion) and LTA, UEA I, and OOA reacted with Wharton’s jelly and vessels of the umbilical cord from the first weeks of gestation considered. SBA reactivity was observed only in the amniotic epithelial cells of the jelly and in the endothelial cells of the vessels. The reactivity with the most part of the lectins decreased or was lacking in the various components of the umbilical cord between 39 and 41 weeks of gestation in the normal group and between 36 and 37 weeks of gestation in the pathological one. Moreover, the intensity of reactivity with ConA, WGA and PNA (after neuraminidase digestion) and LTA, UEA I, and OOA in the normal group and with PNA (before and after neuraminidase digestion) and LTA and OOA in the pathological one was stronger in the peripheral portion of the jelly with respect to the adventitial one. The reactivity with ConA and UEA I was stronger in the vein than in the arteries in both study groups. Some hypotheses are reported on the role played by the sugar residues in the normal and pathological umbilical cords.

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Section: D-galactose-(ß1→3)-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The umbilical cord has been widely investigated using biochemical and histochemical methods in order to characterize the glycosaminoglycans both in normal and in pathological conditions affecting pregnancy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lectin Binding in the Human Umbilical Cord from Normally Grown Pregnancies and from Pregnancies Complicated by Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation with Absent or Reversed Diastolic Flow

Sgambati

Brizzi²,

Marini³

et al. 2003

Neonatology

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“…At least in some cases, the effects exerted by PGFs are mediated by the lipid second messengers. Thus alterations in lipid compounds of Wharton's jelly may participate in the deregulation of various cell functions, including lipid metabolism [44] and overproduction of sulphated glycosaminoglycans or downregulation of enzymes which participate in their degradation [1,15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…diacylglycerol, inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate, ceramides), which participate in intracellular signal transduction induced by hormones and PGFs bound to membrane receptors [14] . Thus, alterations in lipid compounds of Wharton's jelly may participate in the deregulation of various cell functions, including overproduction of sulphated glycosaminoglycans [5] or the downregulation of enzymes which participate in their degradation [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Sphingolipid Composition in Wharton’s Jelly of Pre-Eclamptic Newborns

Romanowicz

Bańkowski²

2010

Pathobiology

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Objectives: Wharton’s jelly is a myxomatous substance surrounding the umbilical cord (UC) vessels to protect them against extension, bending, twisting and compression. Pre-eclampsia (hypertension, oedema, proteinuria) is the most common pregnancy-associated pathological syndrome. It is accompanied by significant alterations in UC composition. Here we describe the sphingolipids of Wharton’s jelly from 10 newborns delivered by healthy mothers and from 10 babies of pre-eclamptic mothers. Methods: Thin-layer chromatography, solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed. Results: Control tissues were abundant in sphingomyelins (Sms) and ceramides (Cers), whereas the amounts of sphingoid bases were distinctly lower. Pre-eclampsia is associated with a significant increase in Sms, Cers, sphingosine, sphinganine, 4-OH-sphinganine, sphingosine 1-phosphate and glycosylated sphingosine. Furthermore, a decrease in sphinganine 1-phosphate was found. Stearate (C_18:₀) is the dominating fatty acid in Sms and Cers of control tissue. In contrast, pre-eclamptic material contained the highest amount of laurate (C_12:₀) in Sms and myristoleate (C_14:₁) in Cers. Conclusions: Sphingolipids and some sphingoid bases are bioactive molecules which contribute to the regulation of signal transduction pathways, protein sorting and mediation of cell-to-cell interactions and recognition. The alteration in sphingolipid content may modify the metabolism of Wharton’s jelly, resulting in remodelling of its composition.

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“…The higher ratio of sulphated glycosaminoglycans to proteoglycan core proteins has been detected in this tissue [27]. It can be a result of decrease in their degradation, because of the lower activity of neutral endoglycosidases (degrading chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate, heparin, and heparan sulphate) and two exoglycosidases of main significance (N-acethylhexosaminidase and β -galactosidase) [28]. …”

Section: Remodeling Of the Umbilical Cord In Pre-eclampsiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of the Umbilical Cord in Pre-eclampsia as a Risk Factor for Fetal Hypertension

Romanowicz

Galewska

2011

Journal of Pregnancy

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The human umbilical cord forms a connection between the placenta and the foetus. It is composed of two arteries and one vein surrounded by Wharton's jelly. Pre-eclampsia is accompanied by extensive remodeling of extracellular matrix of umbilical cord. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are engaged in degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and activation/inactivation of certain cytokines and enzymes. These enzymes will probably play a central role in the release of matrix-embedded cytokines and growth factors. MMP-2 (gelatinase A) is the main collagenolytic enzyme of both umbilical artery and vein. Other metalloproteinases are present in several times lower amounts. Reduced activity of collagen-degrading enzymes may be a factor, which enhances the accumulation of collagen and some other proteins in the pre-eclamptic umbilical cord tissues. It seems to be possible that similar alterations occur in other fetal blood vessels. It may result in an increase in peripheral resistance as well as an increase in the blood pressure in the fetal vascular system. Some observations suggest that the raised pressure may persist after birth. Pre-eclampsia may be a factor that evokes an initiation of hypertension in utero and its amplification through childhood and adulthood.

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Activities of Some Glycosaminoglycan- Degrading Enzymes in Wharton’s Jelly and Their Alteration in EPH-Gestosis (Pre-Eclampsia)

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Lectin Binding in the Human Umbilical Cord from Normally Grown Pregnancies and from Pregnancies Complicated by Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation with Absent or Reversed Diastolic Flow

Lectin Binding in the Human Umbilical Cord from Normally Grown Pregnancies and from Pregnancies Complicated by Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation with Absent or Reversed Diastolic Flow

Altered Sphingolipid Composition in Wharton’s Jelly of Pre-Eclamptic Newborns

Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of the Umbilical Cord in Pre-eclampsia as a Risk Factor for Fetal Hypertension

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