Activity coefficients and ion pairs in the systems sodium chloride-sodium bicarbonate-water and sodium chloride-sodium carbonate-water

Mean activity coefficients of NaCl in (sodium chloride + sodium bicarbonate+ water) fromT= (293.15 to 308.15) K

“…However, Butler and Huston (3) observed that concentration changes due to the removal of carbon dioxide had a negligible effect on the measured activity coefficients. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide removal was neglected in this work.…”

“…A comparison of the experimental data of Bulter and Huston (3) figure 2. It is clearly shown that the experimental results of this work are very close to those obtained from the Pitzer equation up to a molality fraction of NaHCO 3 of 0.5.…”

“…where N is the number of experimental data points and E i (calc) is obtained from equation (3). The values of γ ± were calculated using the Pitzer equation.…”

“…data. Butler and Huston (3) adopted the Nernstian slope with the value of E 0 evaluated from the known composition and activity coefficients of the binary system. Haghtelab and Vera (13,14) adopted values of S and E 0 regressed from the binary system.…”

“…The introduction of ion-selective electrodes (i.s.e.s) has remarkably broadened the range of electrolytes, and many experimental data for binary and ternary aqueous electrolyte solutions have been determined with i.s.e.s. (2) Using such a cell with a Na (Hg) and a (silver + silver chloride) electrodes, Butler and Huston (3) measured the activity coefficients of NaCl in (sodium chloride + sodium bicarbonate + water) at T = 298.15 K. The ionic strengths were about (0.5 and 1.0) mol · kg −1 . On the other hand, they observed systematic errors in the experimental results at higher molality fractions of NaHCO 3 (>0.5).…”