Activity-dependent changes of the presynaptic synaptophysin-synaptobrevin complex in adult rat brain

Hinz, Britta; Becher, Anja; Mitter, Diana; Schulze, Katrin; Heinemann, Uwe; Draguhn, Andreas; Ahnert‐Hilger, Gudrun

doi:10.1078/0171-9335-00196

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…(iii) Development: TVPs might act as modulators of the synaptic vesicle cycle during development. The interaction between the vesicle-associated soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (vSNARE) synaptobrevin and synaptophysin, for instance, has been shown to be developmentally regulated (27)(28)(29). Although this hypothesis cannot be completely ruled out, we view it as unlikely because synaptic architecture, ultrastructure, and function appear to be normal in the adult nerve cords.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Synaptic tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins are conserved but not needed for synaptogenesis and neuronal function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abraham

Hutter

Palfreyman

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins (TVPs) comprise a major portion of synaptic vesicle proteins, yet their contribution to the synaptic vesicle cycle is poorly understood. TVPs are grouped in three mammalian gene families: physins, gyrins, and secretory carrier-associated membrane proteins (SCAMPs). In Caenorhabditis elegans, only a single member of each of these families exists. These three nematode TVPs colocalize to the same vesicular compartment when expressed in mammalian cells, suggesting that they could serve overlapping functions. To examine their function, C. elegans null mutants were isolated for each gene, and a triple mutant was generated. Surprisingly, these animals develop normally and exhibit normal neuronal architecture and synaptic contacts. In addition, functions of the motor and sensory systems are normal as determined by pharmacological, chemotaxis, and thermotaxis assays. Finally, direct electrophysiological analysis of the neuromuscular junction revealed no phenotype in the TVP mutants. We therefore conclude that TVPs are not needed for the basic neuronal machinery and instead may contribute to subtle higher order functions.integral membrane proteins ͉ phylogenesis ͉ vesicle trafficking ͉ synaptophysin ͉ synaptogyrin A mong the different synaptic vesicle proteins, those with four membrane-spanning domains [referred to as tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins (TVPs)] are a particularly abundant group whose function in neurotransmission is not understood (1, 2). These polypeptides belong to the physin, gyrin, and secretory carrier-associated membrane protein (SCAMP) families. Members are present in different combinations in synaptic vesicles and also in other transport vesicles of various mammalian cell types (2). Especially puzzling are the mild or even absent phenotypic defects in neurons of knockout mice lacking synaptophysin, synaptogyrin-1, or SCAMP-1 (3-6). A likely explanation is that other members of the same family or even members of other TVP families compensate for loss of a particular TVP. For example, synaptophysin-deficient mice exhibited no neuronal defects except in the photoreceptors that lack the related neuronal physin isoform synaptoporin (7). Furthermore, combined knockouts of the synaptic TVPs synaptophysin and synaptogyrin lead to changes in synaptic plasticity, whereas the single gene inactivations do not (6).Numerous publications propose roles for TVPs for practically all aspects of the synaptic vesicle cycle, including vesicle biogenesis, exocytosis, and endocytotic recycling (2). This notion is supported by the multiple interactions of TVPs with lipids, notably cholesterol (8) or various components of the recycling machinery including soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) (9-11), dynamin (12, 13), adaptor proteins (14), and eps15 homology (EH)-domain proteins (15). In addition, it has been postulated that TVPs are directly responsible for microvesicle formation (8,16,17) and are involved in fusion pore formation (18-21).Thus,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Synaptic tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins are conserved but not needed for synaptogenesis and neuronal function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abraham

Hutter

Palfreyman

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…For example, expression of VGAT is altered following ischemia or excitotoxic stimulation [160–162]. These changes go along with altered composition of the vesicular proteome, indicative of altered supply or release of GABAergic vesicles [163]. …”

Section: Regulation Of (Gaba) In Physiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA Metabolism and Transport: Effects on Synaptic Efficacy

2012

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GABAergic inhibition is an important regulator of excitability in neuronal networks. In addition, inhibitory synaptic signals contribute crucially to the organization of spatiotemporal patterns of network activity, especially during coherent oscillations. In order to maintain stable network states, the release of GABA by interneurons must be plastic in timing and amount. This homeostatic regulation is achieved by several pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms and is triggered by various activity-dependent local signals such as excitatory input or ambient levels of neurotransmitters. Here, we review findings on the availability of GABA for release at presynaptic terminals of interneurons. Presynaptic GABA content seems to be an important determinant of inhibitory efficacy and can be differentially regulated by changing synthesis, transport, and degradation of GABA or related molecules. We will discuss the functional impact of such regulations on neuronal network patterns and, finally, point towards pharmacological approaches targeting these processes.

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“…It was ensured that the signals are in the linear range of the ECL detection system. Quantification was performed as described (16) along with statistical analysis using the paired Student's t test.…”

Section: Animals-per2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Sorting of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 into a Defined Vesicular Pool Is Regulated by Light Signaling Involving the Clock Gene Period2

Yelamanchili

Pendyala

Brunk

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Synaptic strength depends on the amount of neurotransmitter stored in synaptic vesicles. The vesicular transmitter content has recently been shown to be directly dependent on the expression levels of vesicular neurotransmitter transporters indicating that the transport capacity of synaptic vesicles is a critical determinant for synaptic efficacy. Using synaptic vesicles prepared from whole brain at different times of the day we now show that the amount of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1 undergoes strong diurnal cycling. VGLUT1 protein levels are high before the start of the light period, decline at noon, increase again before start of the dark period, and decline again at midnight. Mice kept in complete darkness showed within a 24-h period only a single peak of VGLUT1 expression in the middle of the rest phase. In contrast, mice lacking the period gene Period 2, a core component of the circadian clock, did not show any light-cycle-dependent changes of VGLUT1 levels. No other of several synaptic vesicle proteins examined underwent circadian cycling. Circadian cycling of VGLUT1 was not seen when analyzing homogenate or synaptosomes, the starting fraction for vesicle preparation. Circadian cycling of VGLUT1 was also not reflected at the mRNA level. We conclude that nerve terminals are endowed with mechanisms that regulate quantal size by changing the copy number of transporters in synaptic vesicles. A reduced amount of VGLUT1 per vesicle is probably achieved by means of selective sorting controlled by clock genes.

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Activity-dependent changes of the presynaptic synaptophysin-synaptobrevin complex in adult rat brain

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

Synaptic tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins are conserved but not needed for synaptogenesis and neuronal function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Synaptic tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins are conserved but not needed for synaptogenesis and neuronal function in Caenorhabditis elegans

GABA Metabolism and Transport: Effects on Synaptic Efficacy

Differential Sorting of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 into a Defined Vesicular Pool Is Regulated by Light Signaling Involving the Clock Gene Period2

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