Activity during delay of reinforcement in human learning.

Champion, R. A.; McBride, Daineal

doi:10.1037/h0044835

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…delay of reinforcement and with no activity than with activity during the delay confirms the results obtained by Champion and McBride (1962) and supports Spence's (1956) hypothesis. As noted by Champion and McBride the difference in performance between the 2-and the 5-sec.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…1 N by a blank and the interval between presentations was held constant at 10.5 sec. The instructions given to each S were similar to those issued by Champion and McBride (1962).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The learning task consisted of the following five paired associates, originally constructed by Champion and McBride (1962): sweet-sour, stemflower, table-chair, needle-thread, sheep-animal. Two sets of activity items were constructed : Similar Activity (SA) and Dissimilar Activity (DA).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast with the animal studies on delay of reward, experiments on delay of knowledge of results with human Ss have revealed no comparable interference with performance (e.g., Bilodeau & Ryan, 1960). Champion and McBride (1962) accounted for the apparent discrepancy in results as due to a false analogy between the two situations and attempted to provide humans with comparable learning conditions to those used with subhuman Ss. They found that both delay of reinforcement and activity during delay impaired human performance in a simple paired associate learning situation in which the Ss gave the dominant response to a stimulus, the presentation of the correct response item was used as reinforcement, and activity was controlled by instruction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Delay of reinforcement in human verbal learning

Sampson¹

1971

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Human Ss were required to learn five simple paired associates. With speed of response as a measure and the presentation of the correct response item as reinforcement, both delay of reinforcement and activity during delay impaired training performance, conh n i n g a similar previous finding by Champion and Maride (1962). Interference was no greater for activity composed of common associations with the stimulus than for unrelated material. Statistical treatment of the parameters of fitted hyperbolic curves revealed that both delay and activity significantly reduced performance asymptote. The curve parameters also showed that activity was a significant determinant of growth rate although delay interval produced no significant growth effect. Lengthening the delay interval late in training lowered the performance of both active and inactive Ss;shortening the delay resulted in faster responding by only the active Ss.Learning experiments have shown that delay of reward is detrimental to the performance of subhuman Ss. Spence (1956) offered one attempt to explain this phenomenon by proposing that interfering responses develop during the delay period and become attached to the same stimulus as the response to be learned. He assumed that, numerically, the competing responses are a function of the length of the delay interval, so that the longer the delay the greater the interference and the poorer the performance. A study by Carlton (1954) supported Spence's hypothesis by showing that delay of reward was less detrimental for animals which were confined during the delay period in order to reduce the development of competing responses, than for unconfined animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…1 N by a blank and the interval between presentations was held constant at 10.5 sec. The instructions given to each S were similar to those issued by Champion and McBride (1962).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Delay of reinforcement in human verbal learning

Sampson¹

1971

Australian Journal of Psychology

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“…Therefore, the longer the delay the greater number of competing responses and the poorer the performance. Champion and McBride ( 1962 ) studied the effect activity during delay of reinforcement had on human learning. They were testing the hypothesis presented by Spence ( 1956 ) and reported earlier on the effect activity had on delay of reinforcement with rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of immediate and delayed feedback on retention of subject matter

English

Kinzer

1966

Psychol. Schs.

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l//7 /9£.y J *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHORThis dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library.Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re production of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.

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Suppression of verbal behavior as a function of delay and schedule of severe punishment

Hare¹

1965

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior

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Activity during delay of reinforcement in human learning.

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Delay of reinforcement in human verbal learning

Delay of reinforcement in human verbal learning

The effect of immediate and delayed feedback on retention of subject matter

Suppression of verbal behavior as a function of delay and schedule of severe punishment

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