Activity of Angiotensin Peptides in Clitoral Cavernosum of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbit

Park, Jong Kwan; Lee, Soon Oak; Cui, Wan Shou; Kim, Sung Zoo; Koh, Gou Young; Cho, Kyung Woo

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.06.017

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This effect is specifically related to Ang II, which is supported by the finding that other antihypertensive agents did not improve erectile function (Toblli et al 2004a;Mazza et al 2006). Similar findings have been demonstrated in rat models of agerelated ED (in normotensive animals), with losartan improving eNOS protein expression and erectile function (Park et al 2005a), and in diabetic ED-with improvement following valsartan administration.…”

Section: Local Renin-angiotensin Systemssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In addition, Ang I may be acted upon by chymase (a chymotrypsin-like serine protease released from mast cells) in an alternative catalysis pathway, producing Ang II. plasminogen activator can also catalyze the conversion of Ang I to Ang II (Park et al 2005a;Toblli et al 2007). Ang II is converted to angiotensin III via aminopepsidase A and is then further metabolized to angiotensin IV by aminopepsidase N, and ultimately to the inactive angiotensin 1-7 (Tipnis et al 2000).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Angiotensin IImentioning

confidence: 97%

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Local renin–angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract

Comiter¹

2011

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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Local renin-angiotensin systems are common throughout the human body. Recent evidence supports the existence of such local renin-angiotensin systems in the penis, clitoris, bladder, ureter, internal anal sphincter, and urethral sphincter. Beyond its role in regulating blood pressure through its effects on vascular tone, sodium balance, and fluid homeostasis, angiotensin II serves a key role in affecting physiologic and pathophysiologic activities of the genitourinary tract. Just as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are used for the treatment and prevention of heart disease and vascular disease, inhibition of excessive angiotensin II activity may be potentially useful for the treatment of urologic disorders.

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Section: Local Renin-angiotensin Systemssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Synthesis Of Angiotensin IImentioning

confidence: 97%

Local renin–angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract

Comiter¹

2011

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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“…Interestingly, erectile tissue from the Zucker obese rat exhibited also changes in the activities of Protein kinase C (PKC) and Rho‐kinase, enhanced vasoconstrictive responses and reduced relaxations to NO donor, whereas no changes in NOS activities were observed [218]. Histological and functional studies of isolated vaginal and clitoral tissues in diabetic mice, rats, and rabbits have reported reduced epithelial thickness and atrophy of the muscularis layer, fibrosis and increased amounts of TGF‐β1, reduced vaginal levels of Endothelilal Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and arginase, reduced neuronal NOS activity, elevated levels of cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG), signs of oxidative stress, reduction in estrogen receptor activities and altered sensitivities to activation of angiotensin receptors [219–221]. In vivo, the vaginal blood flow response to pelvic nerve stimulation was significantly reduced in diabetic rats and mean baseline flaccid and peak clitoral cavernous blood flows were significantly decreased in the diabetic rabbits compared with the control groups [222,223].…”

Section: Experimental Models Of Pathophysiological Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Models for the Study of Female and Male Sexual Function

Giuliano

Pfaus

Srilatha

et al. 2010

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Significant progress has been made in the understanding of physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of human sexual functioning through preclinical research in animal models. Aim To provide an evidence-based documentation of the experimental models evaluating male and female sexual function for useful clinical translation. Methods Consensus discussion over the past 18 months leading to summarized views of seven experts from six countries. Main Outcome Measure Report was based on the critical analysis of scientific information available in literature and subcommittee presentations, discussions, and exchanges of ideas and feedback. Results Fundamental research in animal models has led to considerable understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying desire, arousal, genital, and other sexual responses and the design of rational pharmacological treatments for certain sexual dysfunctions in the male and female. Tissue and cellular in vitro systems have provided critical information on the in vivo interactions and modulations in the presence and absence of chemical, biological, vascular, neurologic, endocrine, and genetic inputs. The animal models seem indispensable for elucidating the biophysiological and etiopathological aspects of male and female sexual disorders. Conclusions Useful insights into the human experience have been derived from basic research in ways that are far more difficult to obtain in humans, both scientifically and ethically. The animal model with a good predictive value can be used as a successful preclinical tool so long as the functional end points are homologous or analogous. The key issue is whether further evaluations are warranted to extrapolate the results in a clinical setting.

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“…For example, clitoral blood flow and clitoral cavernosal smooth muscle content is reduced in diabetic rabbits [76]. Furthermore, clitoral corpus cavernosum tissue from diabetic rabbits exhibits increased contraction to angiotensin peptides [77]. In a small clinical study, diabetic women (N = 30) experienced decreased sensation in the clitoris, labia, and vagina, as well as at extragenital sites, compared with non‐diabetic women (N = 20) [9].…”

Section: Diabetes Female Sexual Dysfunction and Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Steroid Hormones in Diabetes-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: Focus on the Female Gender

Kim¹

2009

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Diabetes is associated with gender-specific changes in sex steroid hormones. However, the mechanisms responsible for these associations as well as the link to sexual dysfunction are not well understood. Aim To discuss key clinical and laboratory findings linking diabetes, sex steroid hormones, and sexual dysfunction, with particular focus on the female gender. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. Search terms were used in appropriate combinations, including diabetes, insulin, insulin sensitivity, androgen, estrogen, sexual function, women, men, estrogen receptor, and androgen receptor. Over 400 citations were selected, based on topical relevance, and examined for study methodology and major findings. Main Outcome Measures Data from peer-reviewed publications. Results Imbalances in sex steroid hormone levels are strongly associated with diabetes and this may negatively impact upon sexual function. Although numerous factors are likely to contribute to the development of diabetes and its complications, the role of sex steroid hormones must be acknowledged. Conclusions Research related to diabetic women and sexual dysfunction is severely lacking. Identifying underlying causes for a given hormonal imbalance in diabetic patients, as well as determination of genetic and age-dependent factors, will become important in identifying the subpopulations in which hormonal replacement regimens will be most effective. Investigation into treating diabetic patients with adjunct hormonal therapies or steroid hormone receptor modulators holds much promise.

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Activity of Angiotensin Peptides in Clitoral Cavernosum of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbit

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Local renin–angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract

Local renin–angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract

Experimental Models for the Study of Female and Male Sexual Function

Sex Steroid Hormones in Diabetes-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: Focus on the Female Gender

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