“…Due to the well-established bioactive properties and good biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite, these coatings have been clinically used in dentistry and orthopedics since the mid 1980s (Tang et al, 2010). Furthermore, plasma spraying can also be used to create other layers like Ca-Si-Ti-based sphene ceramics (Wu et al, 2009), hydroxyapatite/ silica ceramics (Morks 2008), zirconia (Morks & Kobayashi 2008;Wang et al, 2010), yttria-stabilized zirconia or hydroxyapatite/ yttria/ zirconia composites (Chang et al, 1997;Gu et al, 2004). One important advantage of plasma-sprayed coatings for biomaterials is the ability to precisely modify the microstructure by modulating the parameters of the plasma process Huang et al, 2010) to study and improve microstructure-related tissue growth stimulation.…”