Activity of Primate Orbitofrontal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Neurons: Effect of Reward Schedule on Task-related Activity

Ichihara-Takeda, Satoe; Funahashi, Shintaro

doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20047

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, recent empirical work has suggested that lateral PFC is preferentially involved in active maintenance of goal-related information (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Interestingly, PFC neurons also code information related to the reward context (3,7,36). Thus, a primary implication of our findings is that the right lPFC represents goal-relevant information (e.g., task rules; ref.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Previous studies have explored neural mechanisms that underlie reward expectancy effects across a range of cognitive domains (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). These studies have consistently demonstrated that increasing trial reward value is associated with increasing transient activity on such trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Working memory tasks are widely agreed to involve executive control processes that serve to flexibly update the short-term storage of task-relevant information in accordance with task goals, and drive top-down attentional mechanisms that use such maintained information as a basis for the selection of task-appropriate responses (12,14,19,20). As such, the task allowed us to examine how such control processes might be modulated during reward-focused motivational contexts, as has been demonstrated in previous studies (7,9,11).Human participants (n = 31) performed the working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, in both reward (R+) and nonreward (R-) contexts (Fig. 1A and Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When motivational salience is high, the increased value of the behavioral goal to be achieved needs to be translated into an optimal cognitive strategy (1)(2)(3). Previous experimental evidence suggests that such a translation does occur, because both cognitive performance and brain activity are enhanced in behavioral situations paired with motivational incentives (e.g., monetary rewards) (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Importantly, these behavioral and neural enhancements have been found to be associated with the potential reward value available on specific trials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prefrontal cortex mediation of cognitive enhancement in rewarding motivational contexts

Jimura¹,

Locke²,

Braver

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

301

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Increasing the reward value of behavioral goals can facilitate cognitive processes required for goal achievement. This facilitation may be accomplished by the dynamic and flexible engagement of cognitive control mechanisms operating in distributed brain regions. It is still not clear, however, what are the characteristics of individuals, situations, and neural activation dynamics that optimize motivation-linked cognitive enhancement. Here we show that highly reward-sensitive individuals exhibited greater improvement of working memory performance in rewarding contexts, but exclusively on trials that were not rewarded. This effect was mediated by a shift in the temporal dynamics of activation within right lateral prefrontal cortex, from a transient to predominantly tonic mode, with an additional anticipatory transient boost. In contexts with intermittent rewards, a strategy of proactive cognitive control may enable globally optimal performance to facilitate reward attainment. Reward-sensitive individuals appear preferentially motivated to adopt this resource-demanding strategy, resulting in paradoxical benefits selectively for nonrewarded events.executive function | personality | working memory | dopamine | mixed blocked/event-related fMRI I n some task situations, successful behavioral performance leads to the potential for a highly rewarding outcome (e.g., gambling games, college entrance exams, sales contests) . When motivational salience is high, the increased value of the behavioral goal to be achieved needs to be translated into an optimal cognitive strategy (1-3). Previous experimental evidence suggests that such a translation does occur, because both cognitive performance and brain activity are enhanced in behavioral situations paired with motivational incentives (e.g., monetary rewards) (4-11). Importantly, these behavioral and neural enhancements have been found to be associated with the potential reward value available on specific trials. However, there is still very little knowledge regarding the specific behavioral situations, neural mechanisms, and individual trait factors that are critical for such enhancement effects.We have postulated a theoretical framework, known as the Dual Mechanisms of Control (DMC; ref. 12), that distinguishes two cognitive control modes, proactive and reactive (Fig. S1A). The former is characterized by sustained active maintenance and/or anticipatory implementation of behavioral goals in the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) (13,14), whereas the latter is characterized by transient, bottom-up updating of goal-relevant information within a wider brain network (15). In previous work, we have demonstrated that the DMC model predicts age-related and incentive-dependent shifts in activation dynamics in the lPFC (16-18). However, a limitation of the prior work has been the lack of a conclusive demonstration that experimental and individual differences effects in cognitive control modes are both functionally mediated by a shift in the activation dynamics within lPFC. In the current...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prefrontal cortex mediation of cognitive enhancement in rewarding motivational contexts

Jimura¹,

Locke²,

Braver

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

257

301

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“…Estudios recientes sugieren que esta región se relaciona con la integración de la información cognitiva y motivacional (Ichihara-Takeda y Funahashi, 2008;Watanabe y Sakagami, 2007), ya que se considera fundamental en la representación y mantenimiento activo de la información relativa a la meta bajo condiciones que favorecen el control proactivo (Grandjean y cols., 2012;Lesh y cols., 2013); en el mantenimiento de las reglas y normas para realizar de forma correcta la tarea y obtener una recompensa por ello (Jimura, Locke y Braver, 2010;Miller y Cohen, 2001); y en la creación de una representación mental de la información relativa al contexto necesaria para ejecutar la tarea y actualizarla en función de sus consecuencias (Feil y cols., 2010).…”

Section: Regiones Cerebrales -Córtex Prefrontal Lateral (Lpfc: Del Inunclassified

Modulación del procesamiento cerebral por la magnitud de la recompensa en tareas de control cognitivo en participantes sanos y adictos a la cocaína

Rosell-Negre¹

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Hippocampal BOLD response during category learning predicts subsequent performance on transfer generalization

et al. 2013

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To test a prediction of our previous computational model of cortico-hippocampal interaction (Gluck and Myers [1993, 2001]) for characterizing individual differences in category learning, we studied young healthy subjects using an fMRI-adapted category-learning task that has two phases, an initial phase in which associations are learned through trial-and-error feedback followed by a generalization phase in which previously learned rules can be applied to novel associations (Myers et al. [2003]). As expected by our model, we found a negative correlation between learning-related hippocampal responses and accuracy during transfer, demonstrating that hippocampal adaptation during learning is associated with better behavioral scores during transfer generalization. In addition, we found an inverse relationship between Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) activity in the striatum and that in the hippocampal formation and the orbitofrontal cortex during the initial learning phase. Conversely, activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and parietal lobes dominated over that of the hippocampal formation during the generalization phase. These findings provide evidence in support of theories of the neural substrates of category learning which argue that the hippocampal region plays a critical role during learning for appropriately encoding and representing newly learned information so that that this learning can be successfully applied and generalized to subsequent novel task demands.

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Activity of Primate Orbitofrontal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Neurons: Effect of Reward Schedule on Task-related Activity

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Prefrontal cortex mediation of cognitive enhancement in rewarding motivational contexts

Prefrontal cortex mediation of cognitive enhancement in rewarding motivational contexts

Modulación del procesamiento cerebral por la magnitud de la recompensa en tareas de control cognitivo en participantes sanos y adictos a la cocaína

Hippocampal BOLD response during category learning predicts subsequent performance on transfer generalization

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