Activity of the chelerythrine, a quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid from Chelidonium majus L. on Dactylogyrus intermedius

Abstract

Dactylogyrus intermedius is a significant monogenean parasite on the gills of cyprinid fishes and can cause severe economic losses in aquaculture and ornamental fish breeding. In the present study, bioactivity-guide fractionation was employed to identify active compound from Chelidonium majus L. against D. intermedius. In vivo anthelmintic activity of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol extracts of C. majus were tested. Among them, only the n-butanol extract exhibited promising anthelmintic efficacy, and therefore subjected to the further isolation and purification using various chromatographic techniques. A compound showing potent activity was obtained and identified by hydrogen, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and electron ionization mass spectrometry as chelerythrine. In vivo anthelmintic efficacy tests exhibited that chelerythrine was 100% effective against D. intermedius at a concentration of 1.60 mg L(-1), with LC(50) values of 0.68 mg L(-1) after 48 h of exposure. The 48-h LC(50) value (acute toxicity tests) of chelerythrine was found to be 3.59 mg L(-1) for grass carp. These results provided evidence that chelerythrine can be selected as a lead compound for the development of new drugs against D. intermedius.

Anthelmintic activity of ripe fruit extract of Solanum myriacanthum Dunal (Solanaceae) against experimentally induced Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) infections in rats

“…Solanaceae are known for possessing a diverse range of alkaloids, like solasodine, solakhasanin, solamargine and khasinin (Weissenberg 2001). And, many previous studies have assigned the antiparasitic effects of medicinal plants to these alkaloids (Athanasiadou and Kyriazakis 2004;Li et al 2011). With an estimated 1,400 species, Solanum is the largest genus in Solanaceae and one of the medicinally important groups of plants.…”

In vivo anthelmintic activity of chelidonine from Chelidonium majus L. against Dactylogyrus intermedius in Carassius auratus

“…Among all the tested extracts from C. majus whole plant, the ethanolic extract was found to be most effective when tested against the fish parasite D. intermedius (Li et al 2011), indicating that the active constituents were mainly contained in this preparation. Therefore, bioassay-guided purification was conducted in the present study with this extract, yielding an active compound.…”

“…Previous chemical and pharmacological studies found that it mainly contained various isoquinoline alkaloids which exhibited antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, adrenolytic, sympatholytic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities (Jiangsu New Medical College 1977;Niu and He 1994;Táborská et al 1995;Colombo and Bosisio 1996;Cho et al 2006). Our previous study exhibited that ethanol extract from C. majus showed significant effect with an EC 50 (median effective concentration) value of 71.5 mg L −1 against D. intermedius (Li et al 2011); it prompted us to conduct a further investigation on this plant, aiming to isolate and purify the active compounds responsible for its anthelmintic properties.…”

“…The healthy goldfish were cohabitated at a ratio of 20% with the ones infected with D. intermedius which were reared in our laboratory. The infected goldfish were prepared according to our previous study (Li et al 2011). After 15-18 days of cohabitation, 20 goldfish were then randomly selected, killed by spinal severance, and examined for the presence of parasite under a light microscope (Olympus BX51, Tokyo, Japan) at 4×10 magnification prior to the experiment.…”

Evaluation of homeopathic treatments in early lactation in buffalo cows and neonatal mortality in buffalo calf

“…The alkaloids cause limpness and tone reduction of smooth muscle in rabbits. The alkaloids are also noted to stimulate the heart and lungs of frogs, cats and dogs, raising the blood pressure and widening the arteries [20][21][22].…”