Activity of upper airway muscles during augmented breaths

Lunteren, Erik van; Graaff, W. B. Van de; Parker, Dennis M.; Strohl, Kingman P.; Mitra, J.; Salamone, J. A.; Cherniack, Neil S.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(83)90018-x

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The main increase in activity began towards the end of expiration and increased to reach a peak during early inspiration (coincident with the lowest airway pressures), consistent with the activity of this muscle measured in goats by Feroah et al (2000). This pattern of activity is also a characteristic feature of many upper airway muscles in mammals, including the superior and inferior hyoid muscles, genioglossus and intrinsic pharyngeal muscles, in which a very rapid increase in activity precedes the onset of diaphragmatic activation (van Lunteren et al 1983;Roberts et al 1984;Fouke et al 1986;Strohl et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Before and during inspiration, the pharyngeal muscles are recruited and activated in a coordinated sequence in order to stabilise the nasopharynx in response to negative intraluminal pressures applied to the upper airway (van Lunteren and Strohl 1988). Upper airway muscles show a very rapid increase in activity that precedes the onset of diaphragm and intercostal muscle activation by as much as 200 msecs (van Lunteren et al 1983;Kuna and Sant'Ambrogio 1991). In awake goats during eupnoea, the stylopharyngeus muscle has been shown to exhibit tonic expiratory and phasic inspiratory activity (Feroah et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electromyographic activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in exercising horses

Tessier

Holcombe

Stick

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Reasons for performing study: There is a need to understand the process which leads to failure of recruitment of the stylopharyngeus muscle in clinical cases of nasopharygeal collapse. We therefore studied the timing and intensity of stylopharyngeus muscle activity during exercise in horses. Objective: To measure the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in exercising horses and correlate it with the breathing pattern. Methods: Five horses were equipped with a bipolar fine wire electrode placed on the stylopharyngeus muscle and a pharyngeal catheter. The horses exercised on a treadmill at speeds corresponding to 50 (HRmax50), 75 and 100% of maximum heart rate, and EMG activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle and upper airway pressures were recorded. The EMG activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle was then correlated to the breathing pattern and the activity quantified and reported as a percentage of the baseline activity measured at HRmax50. Results: There was ongoing activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle throughout the breathing cycle; however, activity increased towards the end of expiration and peaked early during inspiration. Tonic activity was present during expiration. Peak, mean electrical and tonic EMG activity increased significantly (P<0.05) with exercise intensity. Conclusion: The stylopharyngeus muscle has inspiratory‐related activity and tonic activity that increases with speed. Potential relevance: The stylopharyngeus muscle is one of a group of upper airway muscles that function to support and maintain the patency of the nasopharynx during inspiration. Failure of recruitment of the stylopharyngeus muscle during exercise is a potential explanation for clinical cases of dorsal pharyngeal collapse, but further work investigating the activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in horses affected by this disease is needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromyographic activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in exercising horses

Tessier

Holcombe

Stick

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As we supposed earlier (Shvarev et al, 2003), biphasic burst behavior resembles the sigh in vivo. In animals and human, the sigh pattern is represented by periodic biphasic augmented bursts occurring at low frequency, usually followed by brief apneas (Cherniack et al, 1981;Lunteren et al, 1983;Fleming et al, 1984;Issa & Porostocky, 1993;Orem & Trotter, 1993;Cohen & Henderson-Smart, 1996;Takeda & Matsumoto, 1997;Golder et al, 2005). In our experiments, the biphasic bursts appear when inspiratory neurons generate augmented biphasic discharges that alter basic rhythm regularity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In animals and human, the sigh pattern is represented by periodic biphasic augmented bursts occurring at low frequency, usually followed by brief apneas (Cherniack et al. , 1981; Lunteren et al. , 1983; Fleming et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early postnatal changes in respiratory activity in rat in vitro and modulatory effects of substance P

Shvarev¹,

Lagercrantz²

2006

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developmental changes in the respiratory activity and its modulation by substance P (SP) were studied in the neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation from the day of birth to day 3 (P0-P3). The respiratory network activity in the ventrolateral medulla was represented by two types of bursts: basic regular bursts with typical decrementing shape and biphasic bursts appearing after augmented biphasic discharges in inspiratory neurons. With advancing postnatal age the respiratory output was considerably modified; the basic rhythm became faster by 20%, whereas the biphasic burst rate, which was originally 15 times slower, declined further by 180% and the C4 burst duration significantly decreased by 20% due to reduced decay time without preceding changes in the central inspiratory drive. SP had an age-dependent excitatory effect on respiratory activity. In the basic rhythm, SP could induce transient rhythm cessations on P0-P2 but not on P3. For the biphasic burst frequency, the sensitivity to SP significantly decreased from P0 to P3, whereas the range of SP-induced changes increased. In both types of bursts, SP prolonged C4 burst duration due to increasing decay time. This effect was three times greater on P3 and did not depend on the central inspiratory drive. Our results suggest that the potency of SP to regulate the respiratory activity elevates during the early postnatal period. The developmental changes in the respiratory activity appear to represent the transient stage in the maturation of rhythm and pattern generation mechanisms facilitating adaptive behavior of a quickly growing organism.

show abstract

“…During the inspiratory phase, the activity of the PCA occurs slightly before the activity of the diaphragm and continues its contraction to a maximum point of mid-inspiration. When diaphragm stimulation is increased, through phrenic nerve stimulation or voluntary control of breathing depth, PCA activity increases in a coordinated manner [47,48]. By targeting the inspiratory muscles, the pressure threshold-training program increases the motor drive to the diaphragm.…”

Section: Training and Detraining Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory muscle strength training applications

Sapienza

2008

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory muscle strengthening programs are either inspiratory or expiratory and are typically accomplished using handheld devices. Training durations typically examined have been 4-8 weeks. Training trials usually take 20-30 min per day. Training frequency varies across studies. Detraining outcomes are important to examine as part of clinical trials. Defining detraining outcomes has major implications for the development of a complete rehabilitation program.

show abstract

Activity of upper airway muscles during augmented breaths

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Electromyographic activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in exercising horses

Electromyographic activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in exercising horses

Early postnatal changes in respiratory activity in rat in vitro and modulatory effects of substance P

Respiratory muscle strength training applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About