“…Crises and emergency management is an important and growing research area in the public administration, public management, and government financial management fields (Christensen et al, 2016;Comfort, 1988;Farazmand, 2001;Haddow & Bullock, 2006;Kacupu, 2008;McGuire & Silvia, 2010;Midriff, 2004;Moynihan, 2005;Perrow, 1984;Pinsdorf, 2004;Steinberg, 2000;Waugh, 2001;Wise, 2006). Public administration scholars view crises as unexpected and unpredictable events or situations which may disrupt the routine events of life and governance, disturb established structures and fundamental values or norms of systems, and provide dynamics that nobody can predict and control (Farazmand, 2007;Rosenthal et al, 1989).…”