Actualistic Studies of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Terrestrial and Aquatic Organism Traces in Continental Environments to Differentiate Lacustrine from Fluvial, Eolian, and Marine Deposits in the Geologic Record

Hasiotis, Stephen T.; Platt, Brian F.; Reilly, Mark; Amos, Kathryn J.; Lang, Simon; Kennedy, David M.; Todd, Jonathan A.; Michel, Ellinor

doi:10.1306/13291400m953457

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…12A), dendritic rill marks (Fig. 12A), and ichnofossils of possible snail trail or flying trace origin (Hasiotis, 2006;Hasiotis et al, 2012 -Fig. 12C).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake dynamics in an Early Jurassic desert: Evidence from the Clarens Formation in southern Africa

Head

Bordy

2022

Sedimentology

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Interdune deposits are sensitive to climatic fluctuations and ancient interdune lacustrine systems can reveal the drivers of erg dynamics through time and space. This southern African study details the dynamics of interdune deposition in a vast ancient desert system that was active over Pangaea in the Middle Mesozoic and formed part of one of the largest known sand seas in Earth's history. Focusing on the Sinemurian to Pliensbachian Clarens Formation in the main Karoo Basin (south-west Gondwana), three facies associations were identified that formed in meso-scale and macro-scale lakes amongst aeolian dunes and sand sheets of the Clarens erg system. The northern facies association is restricted to interdune hollows within an actively climbing dune system. High-sediment availability and high-wind speeds limited the space available for these meso-scale lakes to expand. Here, migrating dunes outpaced the water table rise promoting the formation of discontinuous lenses of lake deposits, as is typical in erg centres. The southern facies associations developed both in spatially isolated meso-scale lakes, where flooding was controlled by groundwater inundation (water table rise), as well as in macro-scale lakes, where flooding was related to groundwater inundation and floods (surface runoff) that induced terminal splays. Relative to the north, the southern facies associations, with their more significant thickness and lateral extent, show that, here, the basin was characterized by a higher rate of relative subsidence. Moreover, the southern lake systems were established along the erg's margin, where the interdunes expanded during pluvial phases. Ultimately, the facies associations in the Clarens Formation show that the widespread arid conditions in the Early Jurassic of south-west Gondwana were subjected to prolonged and repeated pluvial phases in an otherwise harsh environment. Given the prominence of Jurassic aeolianites across Pangea, this study provides a southern African perspective on global palaeoerg dynamics and Early Jurassic climatic shifts.

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“…12A), dendritic rill marks (Fig. 12A), and ichnofossils of possible snail trail or flying trace origin (Hasiotis, 2006;Hasiotis et al, 2012 -Fig. 12C).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake dynamics in an Early Jurassic desert: Evidence from the Clarens Formation in southern Africa

Head

Bordy

2022

Sedimentology

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“…Chert lenses might have developed early in the diagenetic history. The lake ecosystem supported microbial growth in shallow‐water conditions, with biogenic and pedogenic modification during subaerial conditions (e.g., Hasiotis, 2007; Hasiotis et al, 2012). This lake system replaced the dunes of the Lamb Point Tongue, which was eventually overlain by redbeds of the Tenney Canyon Tongue of the Kayenta Fm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic characteristics of the carbonate components, the clotted texture, and biogenic to microbial structures of the exotic boulder indicate a shallow lacustrine origin, with occasional wind-blown silt material deposited within the lake. The broken or brecciated pieces of siltstone with vugs within the boulder may be indicative of terra rossa (Figure 4d) that, along with rhizoliths and burrows and peloids and mottled and clotted fabrics, is indicative of pedogenic modification (e.g., Hasiotis et al, 2012Hasiotis et al, , 2021Riese et al, 2011). Somehow after the formation and lithification of the lacustrine deposit, a large boulder of it was moved and transported, although the angularity and oblique orientation within the sandstone host and the lack of any large scour or lag suggests that it was not necessarily transported by normal surface processes.…”

Section: Locality 1: Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An erg landscape mystery: An exotic boulder in Jurassic aeolian‐fluvial deposits, Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA

2023

Self Cite

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An unusually large exotic boulder occurs in strata close to the interfingering transition of the fluvial deposits of the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation and aeolian deposits of the Lamb Point Tongue of the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument, Utah. This boulder is composed of a weakly bedded, pink, thrombolitic burrowed mudstone and siltstone in a carbonate mudstone matrix. Comparison with similar carbonate units of the region—interpreted as lacustrine in origin and associated with interfingering deposits of Kayenta‐Navajo strata—indicates that the strata from which the boulder originated was likely a product of wind‐blown silt deposited in carbonate mud of a shallow lake. The exotic boulder is clearly embedded in and is eroding out of mostly massive to weakly bedded Jurassic, fine‐ to medium‐grained host sandstone. Nearby, the sandstone is disrupted by soft‐sediment deformation. The upper half of the enclosing sandstone shows low‐angle cross‐stratification that abuts against the edge of the boulder, indicating that Jurassic sedimentation lapped up against the sides of the boulder. Surprisingly, the exotic boulder does not co‐occur with any other clasts of similar lithology, nor is any obvious source lithology present within the immediate area. Lake beds of similar lithology in the same region are not physically traceable to the site where the exotic boulder occurs. The exotic boulder is evidence of the dynamic processes of the Jurassic landscape. The collective characteristics of the massive sandstone with typical polygonal weathering patterns and clusters of clastic pipes in the lower host rock suggest that the exotic boulder was emplaced in one of three ways: (A) fluid overpressurization, likely triggered by strong ground motion, produced the massive and deformed sandstone host and transported the boulder upward in the subsurface; (B) the block was an erosional remnant produced by Jurassic landscape degradation; or (C) the block was transported by a hyperconcentrated overland flow.

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Ichnofossil assemblages and palaeosols of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, south-eastern Utah (USA): Implications for depositional controls and palaeoclimate

Fischer

Hasiotis

2018

ASGP

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Actualistic Studies of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Terrestrial and Aquatic Organism Traces in Continental Environments to Differentiate Lacustrine from Fluvial, Eolian, and Marine Deposits in the Geologic Record

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Lake dynamics in an Early Jurassic desert: Evidence from the Clarens Formation in southern Africa

Lake dynamics in an Early Jurassic desert: Evidence from the Clarens Formation in southern Africa

An erg landscape mystery: An exotic boulder in Jurassic aeolian‐fluvial deposits, Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA

Ichnofossil assemblages and palaeosols of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, south-eastern Utah (USA): Implications for depositional controls and palaeoclimate

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