Acupuncture facilitates neuromuscular and oculomotor responses to skin incision with no influence on auditory evoked potentials under sevoflurane anaesthesia

Abstract

Acupuncture facilitates neuromuscular and oculomotor responses to skin incision with no influence on auditory evoked potentials under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Kvorning, N., Christiansson, C., & Åkeson, J. (2003). Acupuncture facilitates neuromuscular and oculomotor responses to skin incision with no influence on auditory evoked potentials under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 47(9), 1073 -1078 . DOI: 10.1034 /j.1399 -6576.2003 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Background: More sevoflurane was recently found to be required to prevent movement in response to surgical incision in anaesthetized patients subjected to electro-acupuncture (EA) than to sham procedures. The present study was designed to compare differences in movement, dilatation of the pupils, divergence of the eye axes and activity of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) between patients given and those not given EA under standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia. Methods: Neuromuscular, oculomotor and AEP responses to skin incision were assessed with and without a bilateral 2-Hz burst EA in patients under steady-state anaesthesia maintained with 1.8% of sevoflurane. Forty-five healthy patients, scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization, were randomized for EA (n ¼ 22) or sham (n ¼ 23) procedures between induction of anaesthesia and start of surgery. Middle latency AEP activity was recorded and interpreted by the A-line ARX (autoregression with exogenous input) index (AAI). Results: More acupuncture than sham patients were found to respond to skin incision with movement of the neck or limbs (77% vs. 43%; P ¼ 0.021), dilatation of the pupils (77% vs. 39%;

Sham Electroacupuncture Methods in Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Among them, 5 studies29549095107 were published between 1992 and 1999; 33 studies22242527303138454752535657586768717273747778818384929397104105106110111 were published between 2000 and 2010; the remaining 56 studies1819202123262832333435363739404142434446484950515559606162636465666970757679808285868788899194969899100101102103108109 were reported from 2010 to 2015 (Fig. 2).…”

“…2). Indications for EA included pain (32 studies)1819212426273133363740424547515256606667727682848890929697103110111, anesthesia (8 studies)46507374868994102, stroke (7 studies)2528293462105106, depression (6 studies)235359656880, obesity (4 studies)32495470, primary dysmenorrheal/menstrual pain (4 studies)619899101, substance abuse (heroin or smoking) (3 studies)6495107, osteoarthritis (2 studies)22104, migraine (2 studies)3978, nausea and vomiting (2 studies)3857, postoperative ileus (2 studies)3591, insomnia (2 studies)6381, benign prostate hyperplasia (2 studies)7987, diabetic mellitus related diseases (2 studies)83109, carpal tunnel syndrome (1 study)100, rheumatoid arthritis (1 study)93, whiplash-associated disorders (1 study)69, constipation (1 study)48, multiple sclerosis (1 study)41, tinnitus (1 study)20, auditory hallucination (1 study)30, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1 study)…”

“…The other trials were lacking in details on the intensity of stimulation. The duration of each session ranged from 5 minutes100 to 72 hours96; the total number of treatment sessions varied from 1333738394647505152727377828486888994959697100101102109 to 7244; the total duration of treatment ranged from 5 minutes100 to 6 months111. Ten studies274672767779899097102 did not report the duration of each session.…”

“…Ten different types of sham EA methods used in the trials were identified as follows: (1) sham EA type A were used in twenty-six control groups18192021223133374060666773747681949697102103104106108109110; (2) sham EA type B were used in seven control groups232459658488105; (3) sham EA type C were used in seven control groups28444749517582; (4) sham EA type D were used in six control groups294362647293; (5) sham EA type F were used in seven control groups386171789899101; (6) sham EA type L were used in seventeen control groups26273943464850535461777985899899101; (7) sham EA type M were used in three control groups426869; (8) sham EA type N were used in four control groups63839095; (9) sham EA type O were used in fourteen control groups303235414556575870808687…”

“…The remaining 43 sham EA groups had sham EA without skin penetration. Forty-one out of 43 trials did not apply any needle insertion by using Streitberger needles2123253136555963656681, contractible placebo needles with dull tips and tubes243752, placebo needles with blunted tips1920406067100, verum needles fixed by tapes or rings without piercing182234, leading wires alone without needles33387697 and mock laser pen103 or electrodes73749496102104105106107108109110111. Two sham EA groups8488 did not describe any details on the sham needles.…”