Acute and chronic aquatic toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) to freshwater organisms

Spatial distribution and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, South China

“…For PFOS, the PNEC was 25 lg L À1 in fresh water, derived from the no effect concentration for Mysid shrimp (Brooke et al, 2004). For PFOA, the PNEC was 1250 lg L À1 in fresh water, based on the lowest chronic NOEC for inhibition of the growth rate and biomass of the freshwater alga (Colombo et al, 2008). Based on their results, for river sediment, the non-TOC-normalized PNEC for PFOS and PFOA was 4.9 ng g À1 and 86 ng g À1 , respectively .…”

Perfluoroalkyl substances and organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Huaihe watershed in China

“…In this study, PNECs of PFOA and PFOS in sediments were suggested based on the equilibrium partitioning method, using the PNECs in freshwater and distribution coefficient (K d ) (Zushi et al, 2012). The PNEC of PFOS in fresh water is 25 μg/L (UK Environment Agency, 2004), and PNEC of PFOA is 1250 μg/L (Colombo et al, 2008).…”

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

“…In this study, the PNECs of river sediment were derived by the equilibrium partitioning method. The PNECs for fresh water (1250 μg/L for PFOA and 25 μg/L for PFOS) were cited from Colombo et al (2008) and Brooke et al (2004), and the organic carbon normalised partitioning coefficient (Log K oc (L/kg oc ), 2.11 for PFOA and 2.68 for PFOS) came from Higgins and Luthy (2006). PNECs vary depending on the matrices.…”