Acute and subacute psychomimetic effects of cannabis in humans

Castle, David; Solowij, Nadia

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543630.005

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several studies show increased CB1 receptor density in regions of interest in schizophrenia (40–42), as well as elevated levels of endogenous cannabinoids in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients (43–45). These findings, in addition to studies showing that acute administration of cannabis causes both patients and controls to experience transient worsening of cognition and schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms (46,47), add to arguments for biological plausibility. From an epidemiological perspective, growing evidence implicates cannabis use as a component cause, or independent risk factor for psychotic symptoms and psychotic disorders (48), and some evidence indicates that earlier or heavier use are associated with greater risk (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Association of Pre-Onset Cannabis, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use With Age at Onset of Prodrome and Age at Onset of Psychosis in First-Episode Patients

Compton¹,

Kelley²,

Ramsay³

et al. 2009

AJP

164

123

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Objective Several reports suggest that cannabis use is associated with an earlier age at onset of psychosis, though not all studies have operationalized cannabis use as occurring prior to onset of symptoms. This study addressed whether pre-onset cannabis use (and alcohol and tobacco use) is associated with an earlier age at onset of prodromal and psychotic symptoms. Additionally, effects of the progression of frequency of use were examined through time-dependent covariates in survival analyses. Method First-episode patients (n=109) hospitalized in two public-sector inpatient psychiatric units underwent in-depth cross-sectional/retrospective assessments. Prior substance use and ages at onset of prodromal and psychotic symptoms were determined using standardized methods. Cox regression modeling was conducted. Results Whereas classifying participants according to maximum frequency of use prior to onset (none, ever, weekly, or daily) revealed no significant effects of cannabis or tobacco use on risk of onset, analysis of change in frequency of use prior to onset indicated that progression to daily cannabis and tobacco use was associated with increased risk of onset of psychotic symptoms. Similar or even stronger effects were observed when onset of illness/prodromal symptoms was the outcome. A gender by daily cannabis use interaction was observed—progression to daily use resulted in a much larger increased relative risk of onset of psychosis in females than males. Conclusions Pre-onset cannabis use may hasten the onset of psychotic as well as prodromal symptoms. Age at onset is a key prognostic factor in schizophrenia, and discovering modifiable predictors of age at onset is crucial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Association of Pre-Onset Cannabis, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use With Age at Onset of Prodrome and Age at Onset of Psychosis in First-Episode Patients

Compton¹,

Kelley²,

Ramsay³

et al. 2009

AJP

164

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is important because a number of studies have shown that cannabis frequently induces short-lived psychotic symptoms both in nonpsychiatric samples and in individuals with schizophrenia. [46][47][48][49][50] There is no adjustment for multiple testing of the comparisons given in the Table. Such adjustment would only strengthen the conclusion that rate ratios of predisposition to psychiatric disorders are similar in individuals treated because of a cannabis-induced psychosis and those with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Predisposition for Psychiatric Disorder

Arendt

Mortensen²,

Rosenberg³

et al. 2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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“…The syndrome resembles the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is characterized by apathy, amotivation, social withdrawal, narrowing of interests, lethargy, impaired memory, impaired concentration, disturbed judgment, and impaired occupational achievement. However, polydrug use, poverty, low socio-economic status, or pre-existing psychiatric disorders confound interpretation of these studies and other investigators have argued that the syndrome does not exist [ 15 ].…”

Section: Cannabis and Negative Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and psychosis: what causes what?

Castle

2013

F1000 Med Rep

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Converging lines of evidence suggest that cannabinoids can produce a full range of transient schizophrenia-like positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Cannabinoids also produce some psychophysiological deficits also known to be present in schizophrenia. It is also clear that, in individuals with an established psychotic disorder, cannabinoids can exacerbate symptoms, trigger relapse, and have negative consequences on the course of the illness. Increasing evidence suggests that early and heavy cannabis exposure may increase the risk of developing a psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. The relationship between cannabis exposure and schizophrenia fulfills some, but not all, of the usual criteria for causality. However, most people who use cannabis do not develop schizophrenia, and many people diagnosed with schizophrenia have never used cannabis. Therefore, it is likely that cannabis exposure is a “component cause” that interacts with other factors to “cause” schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, but is neither necessary nor sufficient to do so alone. Further work is necessary to identify the factors that underlie individual vulnerability to cannabinoid-related psychosis and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this risk.

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Acute and subacute psychomimetic effects of cannabis in humans

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Association of Pre-Onset Cannabis, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use With Age at Onset of Prodrome and Age at Onset of Psychosis in First-Episode Patients

Association of Pre-Onset Cannabis, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use With Age at Onset of Prodrome and Age at Onset of Psychosis in First-Episode Patients

Familial Predisposition for Psychiatric Disorder

Cannabis and psychosis: what causes what?

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