Acute and subacute toxicity of Ammi visnaga on rats

Abstract

Ammi visnaga (Av) is a source of khellin where a tea made from the fruit of this plant was used as herbal medicine for kidney stones in Egypt. In the present research, the acute and subacute toxicity studies with oral intake of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of Av seed ethanolic extract in rats were done. In acute toxicity test, 4 groups of rats (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) were chosen and the first control group received tap water, while the other three groups received Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, 72 rats (36 males and 36 females) were divided into 4 major groups; group I received tap water (control group), while animals in groups II, III, and IV (test groups) received oral intake of Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt, respectively. Each of this major group was subdivided consequently into 3 subgroups (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) where brain tissue, blood sample, body and organs weights were recorded at the beginning and then after two and four weeks of the experiment for the determination of hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary). With regard to acute toxicity, Av seed ethanolic extract did not induce any toxic effects or death or any organ toxicity. In subacute toxicity study; oral intake with Av seed ethanolic extract did not reveal any change in body and organs weights, hematological parameters, serum glucose and cholesterol, brain neurotransmitters, liver and kidney functions, male and female hormones. In conclusion, Av seed ethanolic extract is nontoxic to liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary.

Effect of Ammivisnagawater Extract Compared to Proximol (Halfa Bar Extract) in Treatment of induced Renal Lithiasis in a Mature Female Rabbit

“…Previous study found no toxic effect of AmmiVisnaga extract on rats and the plant has a good history of medical uses consumed by human and regarded safe and nontoxic 22 .…”

In vivo anti-psoriasis, anti-inflammatory activities and oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract from seeds of Ammi visnaga L.

“…Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate, irst, the toxicological pro ile of the aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga L using the acute oral toxicity test in rats for 14 days and the subacute oral toxicity test in rats for 28 days. Only one study has reported that Av seed ethanolic extract did not induce any toxic effects in acute and sub-acute toxicological studies in rats (Koriem et al, 2019). In our study, we tested the aqueous extract like used by patients (El-Hilaly et al, 2003).…”

“…During treatment, the exposure to sun or other sources of ultraviolet light should be avoided, minimise photosensitivity. Few data are available on the toxicity (Koriem et al, 2019), on the effect on in lammation (Lee et al, 2010) or psoriasis (Abdel-Fattah et al, 1983) of A.V. and its different extracts.…”

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ammi visnaga L. Essential Oil

“…With regard to the risk of toxicity by administration of the essential oil, it is reported in previous toxicity studies on A. visnaga L. seeds that neither ethanolic extract nor aqueous extract reveal any signs or symptoms of toxicity in rats at a limit dose of 5000 mg/kg [ 81 , 82 ]. To obtain the human equivalent dose (HED) according to the FDA guidelines [ 83 ], it was calculated as follows: HED = animal dose × (Animal Km/Human Km) where Km is the factor for converting mg/kg dose to mg/m 2 dose, considering an average human body weight at 60 kg (Km = 37) and an average mouse weight at 20 g (Km = 3).…”