Acute beetroot juice administration improves peak isometric force production in adolescent males

Bender, David A.; Townsend, Jeremy R.; Vantrease, William C.; Marshall, Autumn; Henry, Ruth; Heffington, Stephen H.; Johnson, Kent D.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0050

Cited by 31 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In relation to this, other studies [ 38 , 39 ] demonstrated that BJ supplementation enhanced angular velocity and muscle power in knee extension evaluated in different populations, these results supporting the hypothesis that NO 3 − influences the contractile properties of human muscle [ 38 ] according to previous studies in rats [ 17 ]. A previous study by Bender et al [ 40 ] demonstrated that acute BJ supplementation increased peak isometric force output in adolescent men, although they used a higher dose and consumption time than ours: 2 × 70 mL of BJ (∼12.9 mmol·L −1 NO 3 − ) at 2.5 h prior to performing test. In addition to this, Whitfield et al [ 41 ] reported that BJ supplementation increased force production and peak twitch tension albeit using a multiday dosing protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover

et al. 2020

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The ingestion of beetroot juice (BJ) has been associated with improvements in physical performance in endurance sports, however the literature on resistance training (RT) is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of BJ compared to a placebo (PLA) on muscular endurance and movement concentric velocity during RT. Twelve healthy men performed an incremental RT test (back squat and bench press) with three sets, at 60%, 70%, and 80% of their repetition maximum (1-RM). Movement velocity variables, total number of repetitions performed until concentric failure, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived effort post-training were measured. A higher number of repetitions were recorded with BJ compared to those with PLA (13.8 ± 14.4; p < 0.01; effect size (ES) = 0.6). Differences were found at 60% 1-RM (9 ± 10; p < 0.05; ES = 0.61) and 70% 1-RM (3.1 ± 4.8; p < 0.05; ES = 0.49), however, no differences were found at 80% 1-RM (1.7 ± 1; p = 0.12; ES = 0.41). A greater number of repetitions was performed in back squat (13.4 ± 13; p < 0.01; ES = 0.77), but no differences were observed in bench press (0.4 ± 5.1; p = 0.785; ES = 0.03). No differences were found for the rest of the variables (p > 0.05). Acute supplementation of BJ improved muscular endurance performance in RT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover

et al. 2020

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“…Data extraction was then independently performed by the same three authors. Specifically, study design, sample size, subject characteristics, form, dose, and duration of NO 3 − supplementation, placebo characteristics, experimental procedures, and testing conditions were obtained from the text of eligible papers [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Effect sizes (ES), i.e., Hedge's g, for NO 3 − -induced changes in peak or maximal power were calculated from either 1) the means and SDs for the NO 3 − and placebo trials along with the exact P values for the within-subject comparison [49,53,55,58,60], or 2) anonymized individual subject data obtained from the authors [42-48, 50-52, 54, 56, 57, 59].…”

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since data from the 12 subjects in our original study [43] were also included in a subsequent report [50], only the results from the eight additional subjects in the latter study were used in the meta-analysis. A number of the studies employed a repeated sprint cycling protocol and/ or only reported the mean power during a Wingate-style test [51,52,54,55,60]. In such instances, peak power from the first sprint was obtained from the authors and utilized in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary nitrate on human muscle power: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

Coggan

Baranauskas

Hinrichs

et al. 2021

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Previous narrative reviews have concluded that dietary nitrate (NO3−) improves maximal neuromuscular power in humans. This conclusion, however, was based on a limited number of studies, and no attempt has been made to quantify the exact magnitude of this beneficial effect. Such information would help ensure adequate statistical power in future studies and could help place the effects of dietary NO3− on various aspects of exercise performance (i.e., endurance vs. strength vs. power) in better context. We therefore undertook a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to quantify the effects of NO3− supplementation on human muscle power. Methods The literature was searched using a strategy developed by a health sciences librarian. Data sources included Medline Ovid, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design to measure the effects of dietary NO3− on maximal power during exercise in the non-fatigued state and the within-subject correlation could be determined from data in the published manuscript or obtained from the authors. Results Nineteen studies of a total of 268 participants (218 men, 50 women) met the criteria for inclusion. The overall effect size (ES; Hedge’s g) calculated using a fixed effects model was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29, 0.56; p = 6.310 × 10− 11). There was limited heterogeneity between studies (i.e., I2 = 22.79%, H2 = 1.30, p = 0.3460). The ES estimated using a random effects model was therefore similar (i.e., 0.45, 95% CI 0.30, 0.61; p = 1.064 × 10− 9). Sub-group analyses revealed no significant differences due to subject age, sex, or test modality (i.e., small vs. large muscle mass exercise). However, the ES in studies using an acute dose (i.e., 0.54, 95% CI 0.37, 0.71; p = 6.774 × 10− 12) was greater (p = 0.0211) than in studies using a multiple dose regimen (i.e., 0.22, 95% CI 0.01, 0.43; p = 0.003630). Conclusions Acute or chronic dietary NO3− intake significantly increases maximal muscle power in humans. The magnitude of this effect–on average, ~ 5%–is likely to be of considerable practical and clinical importance.

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“…NO 3 − supplementation has been reported to increase force production at low stimulation frequencies in some (≤20 Hz) [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], but not all studies [ 25 , 26 ]. Although dietary NO 3 − supplementation has been reported to improve maximal voluntary contractile force during a mid-thigh pull [ 27 ], most studies have not observed an increase in maximal voluntary isometric contractile force when contracting the knee extensors [ 19 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 ]. Acute NO 3 − ingestion has been reported to enhance peak torque during isokinetic dynamometry at high but not low angular velocities [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Isokinetic Torque in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation, which can enhance performance in exercise settings involving repeated high-intensity efforts, has been linked to improved skeletal muscle contractile function. Although muscular strength is an important component of explosive movements and sport-specific skills, few studies have quantified indices of muscular strength following NO3− supplementation, particularly isokinetic assessments at different angular velocities. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether dietary NO3− supplementation improves peak torque, as assessed by the gold standard method of isokinetic dynamometry, and if this effect was linked to the angular velocity imposed during the assessment. Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were searched for articles using the following search strategy: (nitrate OR beet*) AND (supplement* OR nutr* OR diet*) AND (isokinetic OR strength OR “resistance exercise” OR “resistance training” OR “muscular power”). The meta-analysis of data from 5 studies with 60 participants revealed an overall effect size of −0.01 for the effect of nitrate supplementation on isokinetic peak torque, whereas trivial effect sizes ranging from −0.11 to 0.16 were observed for independent velocity-specific (90°/s, 180°/s, 270°/s, and 360°/s) isokinetic peak torque. Four of the five studies indicated that dietary NO3− supplementation is not likely to influence voluntary knee extensor isokinetic torque across a variety of angular velocities. These results suggest that NO3− supplementation does not influence isokinetic peak torque, but further work is required to elucidate the potential of NO3− supplementation to influence other indices of muscular strength, given the dearth of experimental evidence on this topic.

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Acute beetroot juice administration improves peak isometric force production in adolescent males

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover

Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplements on Resistance Training: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover

Effect of dietary nitrate on human muscle power: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Isokinetic Torque in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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